Did Shakespeare exist?

Shakespeare was a real person who liked in England. He was born in 1564 and died in 1616. He is believed to be one of the best English playwrights. He was 38 surviving plays and 154 sonnets that are all proof he existed. He married Anna Hathaway and had three children. He wrote a lot of histories and comedies. He is extremely popular up to this day and is still studied. He was also a poet and an actor whose reputation has continued to grow. He wrote many plays about the sensitive topics of the time and made a major impression on theater. His writing s help to influence many poets after him to continue his style. All his work and fame is proof that he truly did exist.

Source:

"William Shakespeare." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 20 May 2010. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespear.

Picture Source:

Shakespeare.jpg." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 20 May 2010. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Shakespeare.jpg.

Notes west civ 5/20/10

• For over a century the Medici had run Florence
• Jovanio would try for the papacy
• Michelangelo would brake new boundaries in art
• the Medici would bring Florence to a collapse
• 1501 Michelangelo began a large sculpture
• It would take three years to finish the sculpture - David
• Made a small model and took water level away to help him carve the block
• He moved in with the Medici
• Medici controlled all of Florence
• He was raised with the heirs of the Medici
• Jovano and Julio were brought up together for church life
• Medici marks wiped off street and heirs cast into exile
• The cousins roamed through Italy trying to get back into powers
• Michelangelo in 1504 revealed his work
• Put outside public governmental building/became symbol of overbearing Medici
• Show Florence after slaying the Medici
• He new that the medici were contrary to the what is needed for florence
• The pope helped the cousins assemble an army
• Leonardo began collecting corpses and dissected them (not appreciated by church)
• The two artists brought face to face - decorate council walls with frescos
• 1512 armed soldiers went to Tuscany and headed to florence guided by the medici cousins
• Machiavelli mobilized and equipped thousands to make a national army
• Machiavelli was wiped out by papal soldiers
• Medici won control back over there city
• Pope Julius II died
• Medici more welcomed as new popes
• Cardinal Juvanio became pope Leo X
• For the 1st time the pope was born in florence
• His cousin Julio is now a Medici cardinal
• Popes above all earthly power
• Had elaborate meals (65 coursers)
• Michelangelo was forced into painting the Sistine chapel by the pope (didn't like painting and wanted to be a sculpture)
• Michelangelo became a master of fresco
• 300 figures and stories from the bible
• Greatest work of art from the renaissance
• Ordered him to build tombs for the medici lost family (Guivano and Lorenzo)
• Machiavelli thrown in prison and tortured / exiled from city (wrote a hand book for dictators, the prince)
• Separated ethics from politics
• Group of cardinal tried to assassinated the pope / they were executed
• Leo sold Vatican jobs to trusted / sold papal indulgences / had bankrupted papacy
• Sale of salvation made a lot of money for the pope / lifted out of debt
• Martin Luther was horrified 1517 - manifest for change published (95 thesis attacking pope)
• start of a revolution
• Manifesto made its way back to Leo / he didn't care
• Luther excommunicated him and dammed him to hell
• Protestant revolution split church in two
• Pope died and Julio was crowed pope
• Soldiers were Lutherans and sacked Rome
• Pope escaped and pope Clemet VII caged in his castle St Angelo
• Very violent sacking
• Clemet bribed way out of Rome and headed to florence

Notes 5/14/10 west civ proj

Movie - Matrin Luther

• 1483 germany - diseas and desolation plague could take out town
• 1/4 all children died befor 5
• the church promised heaven - most powerful instatution
• Martin Luther would overturn church
• idea that we should stand up for what we belive/every person special to god - he had to fight for this
• no one in 1,000 years world hated more
• Martin grew up in Masfolts (Norther germany)
• church was at center of his world
• Church from Ireland to Sicily
• laws permiated all of life
• he imbraced the church - alter boy
• his father hanze was a copper smelter
• he was low self esteem because of childhood
• envoled at university of Uthford - at 18
• beer an wine common drink
• was a great center of the church 25 parish churches
• he would be rebellious against church when older
• became musition
• got masters and batchler of arts
• plague struck town
• people saw god was punishing it for sins
• killed almost half of europe in 100 years
• 3 of his freinds were killed by plague
• martin caught in thunderstorm after - barganed with god (became a monk)
• father inraged that he din't become lawyer
• 7 times a day monkes were part of litergical services
• food was simple - got read of all worldly luxeries
• joined strickt monastic orders
• monistery made good income from selling clothing beer, and had tithes
• profitering of church would outrage him
• now consentrated on saving soul
• encoraged imatating suffering of christ
• did everything 100% would have died of poor health if sayed a monk
• had feeling of hoplesnes about not going to heaven
• sent of mission to rome (pilgramage to capital of the church)
• took 2 months to get there
• city was revilation
• would descover earthly institution (had lots of money)
• rome spirital place with unsperitual people
• very disapointed / descovered church profited by pilgrims (saw marters and gave them time off of purgitory)
• come to daught church
• spent long time in confession and did penence
• not getting answers
• 1511 sent to smaller monistery
• Vin stalbits saw martins gifts and gave him positions in university

Is monarchy more or less effective than democracy?

In the past most countries were monarchies. One man or woman had complete control over there country and whatever they wanted was made into law. In the present day the United states in a democracy. There is a system of checks and balances that make sure no one person can gain too much power. A democracy is usually more successful than a monarchy.

In England Henry VIII was the monarch from 1497 through 1547. He maintained power by Separating from the pope even though he still kept the main Catholic believes in England. He separated from the church and created his own religion. His church was known as the Church of England. It was similar to the Roman Catholic Church except it was not ruled by the pope. Henry was head of this church which gave him even more power. In his new church he was allowed to divorce his current wife Catharine of Argon. She only gave him a daughter named Mary. He did this so that he could marry a woman that would produce him a male heir to the throne. Parliament also helps keep Henry in control. They passed the laws and made sure all church decisions passed through the king. All contact with the Roman Catholic Church was forbidden. The king was the head of his church and anyone who didn't follow him and recognize that he was the church leader was executed. After he divorced his wife he married Anne Boleyn who also gave him a daughter. Her name was Elizabeth I. Henry would go one to have a total of six wives. His wife Jane Seymour would give him his first son. His name was Edward. During Henry’s rein he also tried to put down the protestant movement in England. He had thousands executed so no one could threaten his power. Henry’s rein was devastating to the English economy. After he split from the church the economy was built up when he sold the church land in England. This would have been a good thing except he spent the money and even more on his navy and palaces, none of which helped the country. Henry also used the money he borrowed from Parliament to fund wars which sent him further into dept (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VIII_of_England#Power_and_authority). The rein of this monarch was destructive to his country.

Soon after Elizabeth was born her father Henry VIII divorced her mother Anne Boleyn. Anne was then executed because she couldn't produce the heir that Henry wanted. After the death of Henry, Elizabeth's half brother Edward became king. He was very young so a council had to make his decisions. Edward was very ill and soon died. After his death Elizabeth's half sister Mary took the throne. Her reign didn't last very long either. Mary didn't have any children to secede her. She soon died and finally Elizabeth took the throne in 1558 at the age of 25. Elizabeth was a better liked ruler. Her rein was known as the golden age because she united the power of parliament, the church, and herself (http://www.royal.gov.uk/HistoryoftheMonarchy/KingsandQueensofEngland/TheTudors/ElizabethI.aspx). Elizabeth later in her rein writes a speech in which she shows how opposed she is to marriage. She writes "Concerning Marriage, which ye so earnestly move me to, I have been long since perswaded, that I was sent into this world by God to think and doe those things chiefly which may tend to his Glory. Hereupon have I chosen that kind of life which is most free from the troublesome Cares of this world, that I might attend the Service of God alone" (http://englishhistory.net/tudor/eliz1-writings.html). Elizabeth’s rein was not perfect but was better than her father’s.

In the United States freedom is the main driving force. The early colonies defeated the British Empire to gain freedom and wrote documents to help govern the new country correctly like the constitution and the declaration of independence. There is an elected president who can be removed if he threatens the government. Any laws have to be approved by both the president and the federal government. The constituion says, “We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America” (http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/constitution.html). This shows how powerful freedom is as a driving force. This series of checks and balances help to run the country efficiently and correctly with great success. This government helped the United States to become the main superpower in the world (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States#Government_and_elections).

The United States’ success as a country proves that a democracy in better than a monarchy. In a monarchy the ruler could be bad and the people wouldn’t have a say in what he wants to do. In a democracy the people help to govern them and can elect the people who make laws for them. How well country is governed depends mostly on the type of government and the people part that government.

Sources:

"Constitution of the United States - Official." National Archives and Records Administration. Web. 13 May 2010. http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/constitution.html.

"Elizabeth I: Poetry." EnglishHistory.net. Web. 13 May 2010. http://englishhistory.net/tudor/eliz1-writings.html.

"Henry VIII of England." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 13 May 2010. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VIII_of_England#Power_and_authority.

“History of the Monarchy.” Web. 13 May 2010. http://www.royal.gov.uk/HistoryoftheMonarchy/KingsandQueensofEngland/TheTudors/ElizabethI.aspx.

"United States." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 13 May 2010. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States#Government_and_elections.

Picture Sources:

"File:Elizabeth I of England - Coronation Portrait.jpg." Wikimedia Commons. Web. 13 May 2010. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Elizabeth_I_of_England_-_coronation_portrait.jpg.

"File:Henry8England.jpg." Wikimedia Commons. Web. 13 May 2010.

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Henry8England.jpg.

Do you think Leonardo deserved the title "Genius"?

Leonardo was a great man and a true genius. He was the pinnacle of what a Renaissance man should be. In the 1500's Giorgio Vasari wrote a history of Leonardo. He said, "This was seen by all mankind in Leonardo da Vinci, in whom, besides a beauty of body never sufficiently extolled, there was an infinite grace in all his actions; and so great was his genius, and such its growth, that to whatever difficulties he turned his mind, he solved them with ease" (Medieval Sourcebook: Giorgio Vasari: Life of Leonardo da Vinci 1550). Leonardo was not only a great artist but he was also and inverter. He had a fern grasp on geometry and used it to design buildings. He came up with inventions like a screw that constantly brought up water. One of his most famous painting is the Last Supper (http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/vasari1.html).

Leonardo never stopped expanding his knowledge and trying to learn more about nature. He also kept detailed notebooks which were coded to prevent anyone stealing his ideas. The notes were written in a mirror image and very difficult to read (http://www.mos.org/sln/Leonardo/LeonardoRighttoLeft.html). All these things make Leonardo a true genius.

Sources:

"Medieval Sourcebook: Giorgio Vasari: Life of Leonardo Da Vinci 1550." FORDHAM.EDU. Web. 12 May 2010. http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/vasari1.html.


"Leonardo: Right to Left." Museum of Science, Boston Home. Web. 12 May 2010. http://www.mos.org/sln/Leonardo/LeonardoRighttoLeft.html.

Picture Source:

"File:Selbstportrait Leonardo Da Vincis.jpg." Wikimedia Commons. Web. 12 May 2010. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Selbstportrait_Leonardo_da_Vincis.jpg.

Notes 5/12/10 west civ proj

Medici

http://medici.org/

• Leonardo da Vinci - Renaissance man



• moved to Florence at 12 years old



• Italy was not unified - collection of city states



• was an apprentice of Virachilo



• this is were he gained prsctical knolegde



• wrote note books about science and other subjects



• did studies of perspective - more realistic look of a painting



• wrote everything in meror image

Summarize how Elizabeth rises to the throne

Soon after Elizabeth was born her father Henry VIII divorced her mother Anne Boleyn. Anne was then executed because she couldn't produce the heir that Henry wanted. After the death of Henry, Elizabeth's half brother Edward became king. He was very young so a council had to make his decisions. Edward was very ill and soon died. After his death Elizabeth's half sister Mary took the throne. Her reign didn't last very long either. Mary didn't have any children to secede her. She soon died and finally Elizabeth took the throne in 1558 at the age of 25 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_I).

Elizabeth later in her rein writes a speack in which she shows how opposed she is to marrage. She writes "Concerning Marriage, which ye so earnestly move me to, I have been long since perswaded, that I was sent into this world by God to think and doe those things chiefly which may tend to his Glory. Hereupon have I chosen that kind of life which is most free from the troublesome Cares of this world, that I might attend the Service of God alone" (http://englishhistory.net/tudor/eliz1-writings.html). She believes that God has brought her to this position for a purpose and she is going to do everything she can to serve that purpose.

Source:

“Elizabeth I of England." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 11 May 2010. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_I.

"Elizabeth I: Poetry." EnglishHistory.net. Web. 12 May 2010. http://englishhistory.net/tudor/eliz1-writings.html.

Picture Source:

"File:Elizabeth I. Procession Portrait (detail).jpg." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 11 May 2010. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Elizabeth_I._Procession_portrait_(detail).jpg.