Question. Explain why some scholars have called the Ancient Egyptians a "death obsessed" culture. Do you agree?
Thesis: The ancient Egyptians were a death obsessed culture from there a large pyramids honoring pharos to the difficult way they used to preserve their dead.
Primary Source #1:
“The king ascends to the sky among the gods dwelling in the sky. He stands on the great [dais], he hears (in judicial session) the (legal) affairs of men. Re finds thee upon the shores of the sky in this lake that is in Nut (the Sky-goddess). 'The arriver comes !' say the gods. He (Re) gives thee his arm on the stairway to the sky. 'He who knows his place comes,' say the gods. 0 Pure One, assume thy throne in the barque of Re and sail thou the sky. . . . Sail thou with the Imperishable Stars, sad thou with the Unwearied Stars. Receive thou the tribute' of the Evening Barque, become thou a spirit dwelling in Dewat. Live thou this pleasant life which the lord of the horizon lives (Pyr. 1169-72)”
Mircea Eliade "From Primitives to Zen": THE DEAD PHARAOH ASCENDS TO HEAVEN
http://www.mircea-eliade.com/from-primitives-to-zen/166.html
Primary Source #2:
The holy ones are overcome before thee, and all Egypt offereth thanksgiving unto thee when it meeteth Thy Majesty. Thou art a shining Spirit-Body, the governor of Spirit-Bodies; permanent is thy rank, established is thy rule. Thou art the well-doing Sekhem (Power) of the Company of the Gods, gracious is thy face, and beloved by him that seeth it. Thy fear is set in all the lands by reason of thy perfect love, and they cry out to thy name making it the first of names, and all people make offerings to thee.
Papyrus of Ani; Egyptian Book of the Dead [Budge]
http://www.africa.upenn.edu/Books/Papyrus_Ani.html
Primary Source #3:
“while the skull is cleared of the rest by rinsing with drugs; next they make a cut along the flank with a sharp Ethiopian stone, and take out the whole contents of the abdomen, which they then cleanse, washing it thoroughly with palm wine, and again frequently with an infusion of pounded aromatics. After this they fill the cavity with the purest bruised myrrh, with cassia, and every other sort of spicery except frankincense, and sew up the opening. Then the body is placed in natrum for seventy days, and covered entirely over. After the expiration of that space of time, which must not be exceeded, the body is washed, and wrapped round, from head to foot, with bandages of fine linen cloth, smeared over with gum, which is used generally by the Egyptians in the place of glue,”
Ancient History Sourcebook:
Herodotus: Mummification, from The Histories
http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/ancient/herodotus-mummies.html
Explanation of Argument:
The first source is about the spirit of the person after death. They are worship and expected to move on to an afterlife. The second source is the book of the dead. It is an entire book devoted to death and the quote is about how the spirits are holy and are wanted to be in peace after death. The final source is a bout how the Egyptians mummified there dead. They took a long time to make sure it was perfect and would last forever.
Question Who is a better model for modern historians: Herodotus or Thucydides? Why?
Thesis: Thucydides is a better model for a modern historian because his speeches and writing style are better than Herodotus and better express his ideas.
Primary source #1:
“After that I shall speak in praise of the dead, believing that this kind of speech is not inappropriate to the present occasion, and that this whole assembly, of citizens and foreigners, may listen to it with advantage. Let me say that our system of government does not copy the institutions of our neighbours. It is more the case of our being a model to others, than of our imitating anyone else. Our constitution is called a democracy because power is in the hands not of a minority but of the whole people.”
Pericles' Funeral Oration, c.490 BCE from Thucydides, The Peloponnesian War
http://www.historywiz.com/primarysources/funeraloration.htm
Primary source #2:
“True it is that kings, possessing as they do all that heart can desire, ought to be void of envy; but the contrary is seen in their conduct towards the citizens. They are jealous of the most virtuous among their subjects, and wish their death; while they take delight in the meanest and basest, being ever ready to listen to the tales of slanderers. A king, besides, is beyond all other men inconsistent with himself. Pay him court in moderation, and he is angry because you do not show him more profound respect--- show him profound respect, and he is offended again, because (as he says) you fawn on him.”
Ancient History Sourcebook: Herodotus: The Persians Reject Democracy/Darius' State
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/herodotus-persdemo.html
Primary Source #3:
“… wrote the history of the war between the Peloponnesians and the Athenians, beginning at the moment that it broke out, and believing that it would be a great war and more worthy of relation than any that had preceded it. This belief was not without its grounds. The preparations of both the combatants were in every department in the last state of perfection; and he could see the rest of the Hellenic race taking sides in the quarrel; those who delayed doing so at once having it in contemplation. Indeed this was the greatest movement yet known in history, not only of the Hellenes, but of a large part of the barbarian world”
The History of the Peloponnesian War, Thucydides
http://classics.mit.edu/Thucydides/pelopwar.1.first.html
Explanation of Argument:
The first source is from Thucydides and it is about the Peloponnesian war. He writes to remember all that gave their lives to free his country. The second source is from Herodotus and it is about the beginnings of democracy in Greece. The third source is from Thucydides and it is the history of the Peloponnesian war. He is the best historian because he knew that war was great and wrote about.
Question: Considering all of the conflict of the first century BCE, was Rome better off as an 'empire' than as a republic?
Thesis: Rome was better off as a republic because it had less conflict and war than when it was an empire.
Primary Source #1:
“When a debt has been acknowledged or a judgment has been pronounced in court, 30 days must be the legitimate grace period. Thereafter, arrest of the debtor may be made by the laying on of hands. Bring him into court. If he does not satisfy the judgment (or no one in court offers himself as surety on his behalf) the creditor may take the debtor with him. He may bind him either in stocks or fetters, with a weight of no less than 15 lbs.”
THE TWELVE TABLES
http://www.csun.edu/~hcfll004/12tables.html
Primary Source #2:
“Now, the greatest alarm that fortune ever brought upon the Greeks was when Xerxes invaded Europe: for at that time all were exposed to danger though an extremely small number actually suffered disaster. The greatest sufferers were the Athenians: for, with a prudent foresight of what was coming, they abandoned their country with their wives and children. That crisis then caused them damage; for the Barbarians took Athens and laid it waste with savage violence: but it brought them no shame or disgrace.”
Ancient History Sourcebook: Polybius (c.200-after 118 BCE): The Destruction of Corinth, 146 BCE
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/polybius-corinth146.html
Primary Source #3:
“means to give him battle, he occupied the citadel of a town called Cannae, into which the corn and other supplies from the district round Canusium were collected by the Romans, and conveyed thence to the camp as occasion required. The town itself, indeed, had been reduced to ruins the year before: but the capture of its citadel and the material of war contained in it, caused great commotion in the Roman army; for it was not only the loss of the place and the stores in it that distressed them, but the fact also that it commanded the surrounding district.”
Ancient History Sourcebook: Polybius (c.200-after 118 BCE): The Battle of Cannae, 216 BCE
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/polybius-cannae.html
Explanation of Argument:
The first source shows that Rome had more control when it was a republic. The second and third sources are after it become an empire. Then it did it became the target of war and destruction and was not liked by countries around it.
Question: Were the Vikings "barbarians"?
Thesis: The Vikings were barbarians and through all the historical research they seems to be much more just as violent and blood thirsty as some believe.
Primary Source #1:
“It was in the autumn that he appeared before Paris with a very strong army…But he did not force them to raise the siege. He made terms with them and signed a shameful treaty. He promised to pay a ransom for the city, and gave them leave to march unopposed into Burgundy, to plunder it during the winter.”
Viking Raids in France and the Siege or Paris (882 - 886)
http://www.deremilitari.org/resources/sources/vaast.htm
Primary Source #2:
“It had to be in such a way, however, that the king should summon the Gotlanders to the levy after the winter, and give them a month's respite before the day of mobilisation and, furthermore, the date of mobilisation shall be before mid-summer, and no later. Then it is a lawful summons, but not otherwise. Then the Gotlanders have the choice of travelling, if they wish, with their longships and eight weeks' provisions, but no more. Nevertheless, if the Gotlanders are not able to take part, then they are to pay a fine of 40 marks in coin, in compensation for each longship; but this, however, is at the following harvest and not in the same year that the summons was made. This is called the 'levy-tax'.”
Military Organisation in the Guta Saga
http://www.deremilitari.org/resources/sources/guta.htm
“The burning of Tours The Danish pirates, making their way into the country eastward from the city of Nantes, arrived without opposition, November eighth, before Tours. This they burned, together with the church of St. Martin and the neighboring places. But that incursion had been foreseen with certainty and the body of St. Martin had been removed to Cormery, a monastery of that church, and from there to the city of Orleans. The pirates went on to the chateau of Blois[9] and burned it, proposing then to proceed to Orleans and destroy that city in the same fashion.”
The Earlier Ravages of the Northmen
http://www.shsu.edu/~his_ncp/Northmen.html
Explanation of Argument:
The sources all show that the Vikings were violent and would do anything for cash. In the third source they sacked Paris to get ransom money. In the second source they were preparing for raids and travel to Europe. In the first source they siege cities to get more plunder.
Question: What was the significance of the Black Death and the 100 Years' War to the development of Europe as we know it today?
Thesis: The Black Death was devastating to Europe and killed almost 1/3 of the population. The 100 years war was also devastating and pitted the Europeans countries against each other. Both of these things contributed to the decline in the development of Europe.
Primary Source #1:
“In Florence, despite all that human wisdom and forethought could devise to avert it, as the cleansing of the city from many impurities by officials appointed for the purpose, the refusal of entrance to all sick folk, and the adoption of many precautions for the preservation of health; despite also humble supplications addressed to God, and often repeated both in public procession and otherwise by the devout; towards the beginning of the spring of the said year the doleful effects of the pestilence began to be horribly apparent by symptoms that shewed as if miraculous.”
Medieval Sourcebook: Boccaccio: The Decameron – Introduction
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/boccacio2.html
Primary Source #2:
“That every man and woman of our realm of England, of what condition he be, free or bond, able in body, and within the age of threescore years, not living in merchandise, nor exercising any craft, nor having of his own whereof he may live, nor proper land, about whose tillage he may himself occupy, and not serving any other, if he in convenient service, his estate considered, be required to serve, he shall be bounden to serve him which so shall him require; and take only the wages, livery, meed, or salary, which were accustomed to be given in the places where he oweth to serve, the twentieth year of our reign of England, or five or six other commone years next before. Provided always, that the lords be preferred before other in their bondmen or their land tenants, so in their service to be retained; so that nevertheless the said lords shall retain no more than be necessary for them; and if any such man or woman, being so required to serve”
Ordinance of Laborers, 1349
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/seth/ordinance-labourers.html
Primary Source #3:
“The English remained a considerable time on the field, and seeing they were delivered from their enemies, and that night was approaching, they retreated in a body to Maisoncelles, where they had lodged the preceding night: they again fixed their quarters there, carrying with them many of their wounded. After they had quitted the field of battle, several of the French, half dead and wounded, crawled away into an adjoining wood, or to some villages, as well as they could, where many expired. On the morrow, very early, king Henry dislodged with his army from Maisoncelles, and returned to the field of battle: all the French they found there alive were put to death or made prisoners. Then, pursuing their road toward the seacoast, they marched away: three parts of the army were on foot, sorely fatigued with their efforts in the late battle, and greatly distressed by famine and other wants. In this manner did the king of England return, without any hindrance, to Calais, rejoicing at his great victory, and leaving the French in the utmost distress and consternation at the enormous loss they had suffered.”
Battle of Agincourt, 1415
http://www.deremilitari.org/resources/sources/agincourt.htm
Explanation of Argument:
The first two sources show the destruction caused by the Black Death. Many died and the labor force was much small. Also the hundred years war caused more destruction in France and England. This war caused many more deaths bringing down Europe’s population even lower.
Question: How does Henry VIII maintain power while breaking away from the Catholic Church?
Thesis Henry VIII maintained power by creating his own religion and forcing people to convert to it.
Primary Source #1:
“I have no fear but when you heard that our Prince, now Henry the Eighth, whom we may call our Octavius, had succeeded to his father's throne, all your melancholy left you at once. What may you not promise yourself from a Prince with whose extraordinary and almost Divine character you are acquainted? When you know what a hero he now shows himself, how wisely he behaves, what a lover he is of justice and goodness, what affection he bears to the learned I will venture to swear that you will need no wings to make you fly to behold this new and auspicious star.”
Lord Mountjoy to Erasmus, 1509
http://englishhistory.net/tudor/monarchs/henry8.html#Nine
Primary Source #2:
“He speaks French, English, and Latin, and a little Italian, plays well on the lute and harpsichord, sings from book at sight, draws the bow with greater strength than any man in England, and jousts marvelously. Believe me, he is in every respect a most accomplished Prince; and I, who have now seen all the sovereigns in Christendom, and last of all these two of France and England in such great state, might well rest content.”
Contemporary description of Henry VIII
http://englishhistory.net/tudor/henrydes.html
Primary Source #3:
“He was most fortunate in war, although he was constitutionally more inclined to peace than to war. He cherished justice above all things; as a result he vigorously punished violence, manslaughter and every other kind of wickedness whatsoever. Consequently he was greatly regretted on that account by all his subjects, who had been able to conduct their lives peaceably, far removed from the assaults and evil doings of scoundrels. He was the most ardent supporter of our faith and daily participated with great piety in religious services....”
Obituary of Henry VIII
http://englishhistory.net/tudor/hobit.html
Explanation of Argument:
All the sources show that Henry was well liked and backed by his people. He was in charge of is country and anything he did went. Henry ruled through strength, power, and religion.
Thursday, June 10, 2010
Monday, June 7, 2010
Movie notes
• For over a century the Medici had run Florence
• Jovanio would try for the papacy
• Michelangelo would brake new boundaries in art
• the Medici would bring Florence to a collapse
• 1501 Michelangelo began a large sculpture
• It would take three years to finish the sculpture - David
• Made a small model and took water level away to help him carve the block
• He moved in with the Medici
• Medici controlled all of Florence
• He was raised with the heirs of the Medici
• Jovano and Julio were brought up together for church life
• Medici marks wiped off street and heirs cast into exile
• The cousins roamed through Italy trying to get back into powers
• Michelangelo in 1504 revealed his work
• Put outside public governmental building/became symbol of overbearing Medici
• Show Florence after slaying the Medici
• He new that the medici were contrary to the what is needed for florence
• The pope helped the cousins assemble an army
• Leonardo began collecting corpses and dissected them (not appreciated by church)
• The two artists brought face to face - decorate council walls with frescos
• 1512 armed soldiers went to Tuscany and headed to florence guided by the medici cousins
• Machiavelli mobilized and equipped thousands to make a national army
• Machiavelli was wiped out by papal soldiers
• Medici won control back over there city
• Pope Julius II died
• Medici more welcomed as new popes
• Cardinal Juvanio became pope Leo X
• For the 1st time the pope was born in florence
• His cousin Julio is now a Medici cardinal
• Popes above all earthly power
• Had elaborate meals (65 coursers)
• Michelangelo was forced into painting the Sistine chapel by the pope (didn't like painting and wanted to be a sculpture)
• Michelangelo became a master of fresco
• 300 figures and stories from the bible
• Greatest work of art from the renaissance
• Ordered him to build tombs for the medici lost family (Guivano and Lorenzo)
• Machiavelli thrown in prison and tortured / exiled from city (wrote a hand book for dictators, the prince)
• Separated ethics from politics
• Group of cardinal tried to assassinated the pope / they were executed
• Leo sold Vatican jobs to trusted / sold papal indulgences / had bankrupted papacy
• Sale of salvation made a lot of money for the pope / lifted out of debt
• Martin Luther was horrified 1517 - manifest for change published (95 thesis attacking pope)
• start of a revolution
• Manifesto made its way back to Leo / he didn't care
• Luther excommunicated him and dammed him to hell
• Protestant revolution split church in two
• Pope died and Julio was crowed pope
• Soldiers were Lutherans and sacked Rome
• Pope escaped and pope Clemet VII caged in his castle St Angelo
• Very violent sacking
• Jovanio would try for the papacy
• Michelangelo would brake new boundaries in art
• the Medici would bring Florence to a collapse
• 1501 Michelangelo began a large sculpture
• It would take three years to finish the sculpture - David
• Made a small model and took water level away to help him carve the block
• He moved in with the Medici
• Medici controlled all of Florence
• He was raised with the heirs of the Medici
• Jovano and Julio were brought up together for church life
• Medici marks wiped off street and heirs cast into exile
• The cousins roamed through Italy trying to get back into powers
• Michelangelo in 1504 revealed his work
• Put outside public governmental building/became symbol of overbearing Medici
• Show Florence after slaying the Medici
• He new that the medici were contrary to the what is needed for florence
• The pope helped the cousins assemble an army
• Leonardo began collecting corpses and dissected them (not appreciated by church)
• The two artists brought face to face - decorate council walls with frescos
• 1512 armed soldiers went to Tuscany and headed to florence guided by the medici cousins
• Machiavelli mobilized and equipped thousands to make a national army
• Machiavelli was wiped out by papal soldiers
• Medici won control back over there city
• Pope Julius II died
• Medici more welcomed as new popes
• Cardinal Juvanio became pope Leo X
• For the 1st time the pope was born in florence
• His cousin Julio is now a Medici cardinal
• Popes above all earthly power
• Had elaborate meals (65 coursers)
• Michelangelo was forced into painting the Sistine chapel by the pope (didn't like painting and wanted to be a sculpture)
• Michelangelo became a master of fresco
• 300 figures and stories from the bible
• Greatest work of art from the renaissance
• Ordered him to build tombs for the medici lost family (Guivano and Lorenzo)
• Machiavelli thrown in prison and tortured / exiled from city (wrote a hand book for dictators, the prince)
• Separated ethics from politics
• Group of cardinal tried to assassinated the pope / they were executed
• Leo sold Vatican jobs to trusted / sold papal indulgences / had bankrupted papacy
• Sale of salvation made a lot of money for the pope / lifted out of debt
• Martin Luther was horrified 1517 - manifest for change published (95 thesis attacking pope)
• start of a revolution
• Manifesto made its way back to Leo / he didn't care
• Luther excommunicated him and dammed him to hell
• Protestant revolution split church in two
• Pope died and Julio was crowed pope
• Soldiers were Lutherans and sacked Rome
• Pope escaped and pope Clemet VII caged in his castle St Angelo
• Very violent sacking
Friday, June 4, 2010
Exam practice
Does Leonardo deserve the title "Genius"?
Leonardo defiantly deserves the title Genius after all his paintings, intentions, and breakthroughs.
“He made designs of flour-mills, fullingmills, and engines, which might be driven by the force of water; and since he wished that his profession should be painting, he studied much in drawing after nature, and sometimes in making models of figures in clay, over which he would lay soft pieces of cloth dipped in clay, and then set himself patiently to draw them on a certain kind of very fine Rheims cloth, or prepared linen”
“Marvellous and divine, indeed, was Lionardo the son of Ser Piero da Vinci. In erudition and letters he would have distinguished himself, if he had not been variable and unstable. For he set himself to learn many things, and when he had begun them gave them up. In arithmetic, during the few months that he applied himself to it, he made such progress that he often perplexed his master by the doubts and difficulties that he propounded.”
“In the Renaissance, however, human beings became the central focus of artistic expression. This development was the result of the humanist movement, a revival of the culture of ancient Greece and Rome (called the classical period) initiated by scholars in Florence, Italy, in the mid-1300s.”
Sources:
FORDHAM.EDU. Web. 04 June 2010. http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/vasari/vasari14.htm.
"Leonardo Da Vinci: Renaissance and Reformation Primary Sources." ENotes - Literature Study Guides, Lesson Plans, and More. Web. 04 June 2010. http://www.enotes.com/renaissance-
reformation-primary-sources/leonardo-da-vinci.
"Medieval Sourcebook: Giorgio Vasari: Life of Leonardo Da Vinci 1550." FORDHAM.EDU. Web.
04 June 2010. http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/vasari1.html.
2.Summarize how Elizabeth rises to the throne
Elizabeth rose to the throne through patience and cunning and brought a new age of hope to England.
“In a matter most unpleasing, most pleasing to me is the apparent Good will of you and my People, as proceeding from a very good mind towards me and the Commonwealth. Concerning Marriage, which ye so earnestly move me to, I have been long since perswaded, that I was sent into this world by God to think and doe those things chiefly which may tend to his Glory.”
“You have in various ways and manners attempted to take my life and to bring my kingdom to destruction by bloodshed. I have never proceeded so harshly against you, but have, on the contrary, protected and maintained you like myself.”
“seeing so great wickedness and griefs in the world in which we live but as wayfaring pilgrims, we must suppose that God would never have made us but for a better place and of more comfort than we find here. I know no creature that breatheth whose life standeth hourly in more peril for it than mine own; who entered not into my state without sight of manifold dangers of life and crown, as one that had the mightiest and the greatest to wrestle with”
Sources:
"Elizabeth I: Poetry." EnglishHistory.net. Web. 04 June 2010. http://englishhistory.net/tudor/eliz1-writings.html.
"Modern History Sourcebook: Queen Elizabeth I of England: Selected Writing AndSpeeches." FORDHAM.EDU. Web. 04 June 2010. http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/elizabeth1.html.
"Primary Sources: The Execution of Mary, Queen of Scots, 1587." EnglishHistory.net. Web. 04 June 2010. http://englishhistory.net/tudor/scot-letters.html.
Leonardo defiantly deserves the title Genius after all his paintings, intentions, and breakthroughs.
“He made designs of flour-mills, fullingmills, and engines, which might be driven by the force of water; and since he wished that his profession should be painting, he studied much in drawing after nature, and sometimes in making models of figures in clay, over which he would lay soft pieces of cloth dipped in clay, and then set himself patiently to draw them on a certain kind of very fine Rheims cloth, or prepared linen”
“Marvellous and divine, indeed, was Lionardo the son of Ser Piero da Vinci. In erudition and letters he would have distinguished himself, if he had not been variable and unstable. For he set himself to learn many things, and when he had begun them gave them up. In arithmetic, during the few months that he applied himself to it, he made such progress that he often perplexed his master by the doubts and difficulties that he propounded.”
“In the Renaissance, however, human beings became the central focus of artistic expression. This development was the result of the humanist movement, a revival of the culture of ancient Greece and Rome (called the classical period) initiated by scholars in Florence, Italy, in the mid-1300s.”
Sources:
FORDHAM.EDU. Web. 04 June 2010. http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/vasari/vasari14.htm.
"Leonardo Da Vinci: Renaissance and Reformation Primary Sources." ENotes - Literature Study Guides, Lesson Plans, and More. Web. 04 June 2010. http://www.enotes.com/renaissance-
reformation-primary-sources/leonardo-da-vinci.
"Medieval Sourcebook: Giorgio Vasari: Life of Leonardo Da Vinci 1550." FORDHAM.EDU. Web.
04 June 2010. http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/vasari1.html.
2.Summarize how Elizabeth rises to the throne
Elizabeth rose to the throne through patience and cunning and brought a new age of hope to England.
“In a matter most unpleasing, most pleasing to me is the apparent Good will of you and my People, as proceeding from a very good mind towards me and the Commonwealth. Concerning Marriage, which ye so earnestly move me to, I have been long since perswaded, that I was sent into this world by God to think and doe those things chiefly which may tend to his Glory.”
“You have in various ways and manners attempted to take my life and to bring my kingdom to destruction by bloodshed. I have never proceeded so harshly against you, but have, on the contrary, protected and maintained you like myself.”
“seeing so great wickedness and griefs in the world in which we live but as wayfaring pilgrims, we must suppose that God would never have made us but for a better place and of more comfort than we find here. I know no creature that breatheth whose life standeth hourly in more peril for it than mine own; who entered not into my state without sight of manifold dangers of life and crown, as one that had the mightiest and the greatest to wrestle with”
Sources:
"Elizabeth I: Poetry." EnglishHistory.net. Web. 04 June 2010. http://englishhistory.net/tudor/eliz1-writings.html.
"Modern History Sourcebook: Queen Elizabeth I of England: Selected Writing AndSpeeches." FORDHAM.EDU. Web. 04 June 2010. http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/elizabeth1.html.
"Primary Sources: The Execution of Mary, Queen of Scots, 1587." EnglishHistory.net. Web. 04 June 2010. http://englishhistory.net/tudor/scot-letters.html.
Thursday, June 3, 2010
Battle of Tours wiki source
It was called the Battle of Poitiers. The battle took place in the cities of Tours and Poitiers. I was fought between the Frankish and Burgundian armies in 732. Abdul Rahman Al Ghafiqi the leader of the Muslims was killed and Charles the leader of the franks then spread his control down towards the south. The Muslims had a much larger army than the franks did but through cunning Charles outsmarted them. The franks took the victory. Charles was ;later thought of a a victor for Christianity. This battle was at the high point of the Muslim attacks on Europe. The franks after wining the battle gained control over parts of western Europe.
Source:
"Battle of Tours." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 03 June 2010. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Tours.
Source:
"Battle of Tours." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 03 June 2010. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Tours
Wednesday, June 2, 2010
Rome review
Ancient History Sourcebook:
Tacitus: The End of the Republic
http://ht.ly/1SwEx
"Tacitus begins the Annals by describing how the civil war and proscriptions (mass executions of political opponents) had destroyed the Republic. "
At the end of the empire augustus took control after most of the leader were gone. Rome was in caos and coruption and rivalry were spread amung the armies.
Ancient History Sourcebook:
Polybius (c.200-after 118 BCE):
The Battle of Cannae, 216 BCE
http://ht.ly/1SwxN
Canabal was on the march towards the roman empire. The romans turned to Aemilius. The men gathered to fight"eight citizen legions and eight allied legions combined--about 90,000 men". When the arnies met hanibal was out numbered. He brought the romans in close and then. Lybians attacked them from the sided (heavy armed calvery).Ameilis died after he and canibal joined the troops in battle. Called the battle of cannae. Ten thousand romans were captured.
Ancient History Sourcebook:
Suetonius (c.69-after 122 CE):
De Vita Caesarum, Divus Iulius
(The Lives of the Caesars, The Deified Julius), written c. 110 CE
http://ht.ly/1SwBQ
Julius ceasers life. his first campagn was in asia. Hr served as military tribune. He devored"Cornelia he took to wife Pompeia". he was elected pontifex maximus after bribing them. He fougt in germany agaist the rebelious tribes there. After many great victories he died at the age of 56.
Livy's History of Rome, Book 1:
The Earliest Legends
http://ht.ly/1Swu5
The first part of the source is about the birth of troy and how the troagans spread out and strated wars. Then it progresses to later Roman legdes like romulus and Remus.
Tacitus: The End of the Republic
http://ht.ly/1SwEx
"Tacitus begins the Annals by describing how the civil war and proscriptions (mass executions of political opponents) had destroyed the Republic. "
At the end of the empire augustus took control after most of the leader were gone. Rome was in caos and coruption and rivalry were spread amung the armies.
Ancient History Sourcebook:
Polybius (c.200-after 118 BCE):
The Battle of Cannae, 216 BCE
http://ht.ly/1SwxN
Canabal was on the march towards the roman empire. The romans turned to Aemilius. The men gathered to fight"eight citizen legions and eight allied legions combined--about 90,000 men". When the arnies met hanibal was out numbered. He brought the romans in close and then. Lybians attacked them from the sided (heavy armed calvery).Ameilis died after he and canibal joined the troops in battle. Called the battle of cannae. Ten thousand romans were captured.
Ancient History Sourcebook:
Suetonius (c.69-after 122 CE):
De Vita Caesarum, Divus Iulius
(The Lives of the Caesars, The Deified Julius), written c. 110 CE
http://ht.ly/1SwBQ
Julius ceasers life. his first campagn was in asia. Hr served as military tribune. He devored"Cornelia he took to wife Pompeia". he was elected pontifex maximus after bribing them. He fougt in germany agaist the rebelious tribes there. After many great victories he died at the age of 56.
Livy's History of Rome, Book 1:
The Earliest Legends
http://ht.ly/1Swu5
The first part of the source is about the birth of troy and how the troagans spread out and strated wars. Then it progresses to later Roman legdes like romulus and Remus.
Friday, May 28, 2010
Greek sources
Pausanias (fl.c.160 CE): Description of Greece: Book I: Attica (Athens and Megara)http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/pausanias-bk1.html
This source is about "Pausanias' description of each city with a synopsis of its history followed by an account of the monuments in topographical order. He also discusses local daily life, ceremonial rituals, legend and folklore. His main concentration is on artistic workd from the glories of classical Greece, especially religious art and architecture. That he can be relied on for building and works which have since disappeared is shown by the accuracy of his descriptions of buildings which do survive."
There are many beutiful temples in greece like the ones to Athena, artimis, and Zeus. There is a long history of the rebellions, wars, and other important events that influenced greek history.
Ancient History Sourcebook:
Herodotus:
The Persians Reject Democracy/Darius' State
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/herodotus-persdemo.html
Solon
http://classics.mit.edu/Plutarch/solon.html
Solon: Select Fragments
http://homepage.usask.ca/~jrp638/DeptTransls/Solon.html
Excerpts from Thucydides
1) Pericles' Funeral Oration Pericles' Funeral Oration
2) The Mitylenian Debate The Mitylenian Debate
3) The Melian Dialogue The Melian Dialogue
http://mccandlessa.people.cofc.edu/Thucydides.htm
This source is about "Pausanias' description of each city with a synopsis of its history followed by an account of the monuments in topographical order. He also discusses local daily life, ceremonial rituals, legend and folklore. His main concentration is on artistic workd from the glories of classical Greece, especially religious art and architecture. That he can be relied on for building and works which have since disappeared is shown by the accuracy of his descriptions of buildings which do survive."
There are many beutiful temples in greece like the ones to Athena, artimis, and Zeus. There is a long history of the rebellions, wars, and other important events that influenced greek history.
Ancient History Sourcebook:
Herodotus:
The Persians Reject Democracy/Darius' State
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/herodotus-persdemo.html
Solon
http://classics.mit.edu/Plutarch/solon.html
Solon: Select Fragments
http://homepage.usask.ca/~jrp638/DeptTransls/Solon.html
Excerpts from Thucydides
1) Pericles' Funeral Oration Pericles' Funeral Oration
2) The Mitylenian Debate The Mitylenian Debate
3) The Melian Dialogue The Melian Dialogue
http://mccandlessa.people.cofc.edu/Thucydides.htm
Thursday, May 27, 2010
Exame Review
Egypt book of the dead (exame all writing)
1) Greece would be completely different if the Persians had won and not the Greeks.
2) "Once let us subdue this people, and those neighbors of theirs who hold the land of Pelops the Phrygian, and we shall extend the Persian territory as far as God's heaven reaches."
a) This quote shows that the Persians wanted to conquer all of Europe and would have destroyed anyone in there path if there were not stopped.
3) "The sun will then shine on no land beyond our borders; for I will pass through Europe from one end to the other, and with your aid make of all the lands which it contains one country. "
a) This quote shows that the Persian wanted to unite all of Europe under one leader. This would have made all of Europe under the control of Persian and all the great civilizations couldn’t have developed.
4) “It were indeed a monstrous thing if, after conquering and enslaving the Sacae, the Indians, the Ethiopians, the Assyrians, and many other mighty nations, not for any wrong that they had done us, but only to increase our empire, we should then allow the Greeks, who have done us such wanton injury, to escape our vengeance.”
a) This quote shows that the Persians didn’t treat their conquered territories well and Greece could not have prospered under its control.
5) If the Greeks lost the war then all of history would be different. The great thinkers and philosophers would not have been so well known, all of Europe’s development would have been stunted, and the Greeks would have been slaves. Also the great empires of Europe might not have been created.
essay source:
"Ancient History Sourcebook: Herodotus: Xerxes Invades Greece, from The Histories." FORDHAM.EDU. Web. 27 May 2010. http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/herodotus-xerxes.html.
- story of a scribe named ami and his trip to the other world
- life force was called Ka
- after mumification the Ka would wait in the tomb unitl it could be judged
- ankh is ancient egiptian symbol of enfinit and eternal life
- horus weighs the heart againt a feather (of maat)
- organs kept in conoptic jars
- if feather was heavyer than hear than person could go to afterlife
- name written down in book of the dead and then go to hcamber of osirus is king of the dead and his wife isus
- book of the dead http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_the_Dead
- feather of moat http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maat
Greece
- Herodotus wrote about the persian war
- thucidides wrote about the pelopenisan wars
- Xenophan was an athenian and wrote about the time of socraties
- aristotle was the first to write an exiclapedia (aLL LEARNING)about history
- plutarch wrote biographies
- pausanias wrote a travel gide to greece
persian war
- largest empire lead by Xerxies
- some greeks join him and others are destroyed
- strait out of sea of mamara is the bosphoroushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosphorus
- army crosses bospherous
- then go to provence of Thrace with thessalonika in it http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Greece
- at thermopole the spartans and greeks held them off for 3 days and athens was evacuated
- walls from perais to athens
- persians burned down acropilis and then defeated at soromis
- aropolis rebuilt by the league of athens' money 5th century
- polotics and history together
- wall round it was amemorial to persian war
- entered through grove of dionicis (god of win and theater)
- come around theater of dinoicis (plays performed here as a festival)war , religion and polotics is what explanes greeks
- have to fallow smae path
- enter through stared aria
- temple to athenia niki (victory)
- athenis protector of athans
- built with aninian leage funds directed by pericluis
- parthanon is important doric achetecture
- athenians win at solomis
- sac of corinth 146 bc
Question: from geak and persin primary sources how would things have been diferent if persians won
write outlines for answers (thesis three body paragraphs with primary source and explanation and conclusion)
1) Greece would be completely different if the Persians had won and not the Greeks.
2) "Once let us subdue this people, and those neighbors of theirs who hold the land of Pelops the Phrygian, and we shall extend the Persian territory as far as God's heaven reaches."
a) This quote shows that the Persians wanted to conquer all of Europe and would have destroyed anyone in there path if there were not stopped.
3) "The sun will then shine on no land beyond our borders; for I will pass through Europe from one end to the other, and with your aid make of all the lands which it contains one country. "
a) This quote shows that the Persian wanted to unite all of Europe under one leader. This would have made all of Europe under the control of Persian and all the great civilizations couldn’t have developed.
4) “It were indeed a monstrous thing if, after conquering and enslaving the Sacae, the Indians, the Ethiopians, the Assyrians, and many other mighty nations, not for any wrong that they had done us, but only to increase our empire, we should then allow the Greeks, who have done us such wanton injury, to escape our vengeance.”
a) This quote shows that the Persians didn’t treat their conquered territories well and Greece could not have prospered under its control.
5) If the Greeks lost the war then all of history would be different. The great thinkers and philosophers would not have been so well known, all of Europe’s development would have been stunted, and the Greeks would have been slaves. Also the great empires of Europe might not have been created.
essay source:
"Ancient History Sourcebook: Herodotus: Xerxes Invades Greece, from The Histories." FORDHAM.EDU. Web. 27 May 2010. http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/herodotus-xerxes.html.
Thursday, May 20, 2010
Did Shakespeare exist?
Shakespeare was a real person who liked in England. He was born in 1564 and died in 1616. He is believed to be one of the best English playwrights. He was 38 surviving plays and 154 sonnets that are all proof he existed. He married Anna Hathaway and had three children. He wrote a lot of histories and comedies. He is extremely popular up to this day and is still studied. He was also a poet and an actor whose reputation has continued to grow. He wrote many plays about the sensitive topics of the time and made a major impression on theater. His writing s help to influence many poets after him to continue his style. All his work and fame is proof that he truly did exist.Source:
"William Shakespeare." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 20 May 2010. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespear.
Picture Source:
Shakespeare.jpg." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 20 May 2010. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Shakespeare.jpg.
Notes west civ 5/20/10
• For over a century the Medici had run Florence
• Jovanio would try for the papacy
• Michelangelo would brake new boundaries in art
• the Medici would bring Florence to a collapse
• 1501 Michelangelo began a large sculpture
• It would take three years to finish the sculpture - David
• Made a small model and took water level away to help him carve the block
• He moved in with the Medici
• Medici controlled all of Florence
• He was raised with the heirs of the Medici
• Jovano and Julio were brought up together for church life
• Medici marks wiped off street and heirs cast into exile
• The cousins roamed through Italy trying to get back into powers
• Michelangelo in 1504 revealed his work
• Put outside public governmental building/became symbol of overbearing Medici
• Show Florence after slaying the Medici
• He new that the medici were contrary to the what is needed for florence
• The pope helped the cousins assemble an army
• Leonardo began collecting corpses and dissected them (not appreciated by church)
• The two artists brought face to face - decorate council walls with frescos
• 1512 armed soldiers went to Tuscany and headed to florence guided by the medici cousins
• Machiavelli mobilized and equipped thousands to make a national army
• Machiavelli was wiped out by papal soldiers
• Medici won control back over there city
• Pope Julius II died
• Medici more welcomed as new popes
• Cardinal Juvanio became pope Leo X
• For the 1st time the pope was born in florence
• His cousin Julio is now a Medici cardinal
• Popes above all earthly power
• Had elaborate meals (65 coursers)
• Michelangelo was forced into painting the Sistine chapel by the pope (didn't like painting and wanted to be a sculpture)
• Michelangelo became a master of fresco
• 300 figures and stories from the bible
• Greatest work of art from the renaissance
• Ordered him to build tombs for the medici lost family (Guivano and Lorenzo)
• Machiavelli thrown in prison and tortured / exiled from city (wrote a hand book for dictators, the prince)
• Separated ethics from politics
• Group of cardinal tried to assassinated the pope / they were executed
• Leo sold Vatican jobs to trusted / sold papal indulgences / had bankrupted papacy
• Sale of salvation made a lot of money for the pope / lifted out of debt
• Martin Luther was horrified 1517 - manifest for change published (95 thesis attacking pope)
• start of a revolution
• Manifesto made its way back to Leo / he didn't care
• Luther excommunicated him and dammed him to hell
• Protestant revolution split church in two
• Pope died and Julio was crowed pope
• Soldiers were Lutherans and sacked Rome
• Pope escaped and pope Clemet VII caged in his castle St Angelo
• Very violent sacking
• Clemet bribed way out of Rome and headed to florence
• Jovanio would try for the papacy
• Michelangelo would brake new boundaries in art
• the Medici would bring Florence to a collapse
• 1501 Michelangelo began a large sculpture
• It would take three years to finish the sculpture - David
• Made a small model and took water level away to help him carve the block
• He moved in with the Medici
• Medici controlled all of Florence
• He was raised with the heirs of the Medici
• Jovano and Julio were brought up together for church life
• Medici marks wiped off street and heirs cast into exile
• The cousins roamed through Italy trying to get back into powers
• Michelangelo in 1504 revealed his work
• Put outside public governmental building/became symbol of overbearing Medici
• Show Florence after slaying the Medici
• He new that the medici were contrary to the what is needed for florence
• The pope helped the cousins assemble an army
• Leonardo began collecting corpses and dissected them (not appreciated by church)
• The two artists brought face to face - decorate council walls with frescos
• 1512 armed soldiers went to Tuscany and headed to florence guided by the medici cousins
• Machiavelli mobilized and equipped thousands to make a national army
• Machiavelli was wiped out by papal soldiers
• Medici won control back over there city
• Pope Julius II died
• Medici more welcomed as new popes
• Cardinal Juvanio became pope Leo X
• For the 1st time the pope was born in florence
• His cousin Julio is now a Medici cardinal
• Popes above all earthly power
• Had elaborate meals (65 coursers)
• Michelangelo was forced into painting the Sistine chapel by the pope (didn't like painting and wanted to be a sculpture)
• Michelangelo became a master of fresco
• 300 figures and stories from the bible
• Greatest work of art from the renaissance
• Ordered him to build tombs for the medici lost family (Guivano and Lorenzo)
• Machiavelli thrown in prison and tortured / exiled from city (wrote a hand book for dictators, the prince)
• Separated ethics from politics
• Group of cardinal tried to assassinated the pope / they were executed
• Leo sold Vatican jobs to trusted / sold papal indulgences / had bankrupted papacy
• Sale of salvation made a lot of money for the pope / lifted out of debt
• Martin Luther was horrified 1517 - manifest for change published (95 thesis attacking pope)
• start of a revolution
• Manifesto made its way back to Leo / he didn't care
• Luther excommunicated him and dammed him to hell
• Protestant revolution split church in two
• Pope died and Julio was crowed pope
• Soldiers were Lutherans and sacked Rome
• Pope escaped and pope Clemet VII caged in his castle St Angelo
• Very violent sacking
• Clemet bribed way out of Rome and headed to florence
Friday, May 14, 2010
Notes 5/14/10 west civ proj
Movie - Matrin Luther
- 1483 germany - diseas and desolation plague could take out town
- 1/4 all children died befor 5
- the church promised heaven - most powerful instatution
- Martin Luther would overturn church
- idea that we should stand up for what we belive/every person special to god - he had to fight for this
- no one in 1,000 years world hated more
- Martin grew up in Masfolts (Norther germany)
- church was at center of his world
- Church from Ireland to Sicily
- laws permiated all of life
- he imbraced the church - alter boy
- his father hanze was a copper smelter
- he was low self esteem because of childhood
- envoled at university of Uthford - at 18
- beer an wine common drink
- was a great center of the church 25 parish churches
- he would be rebellious against church when older
- became musition
- got masters and batchler of arts
- plague struck town
- people saw god was punishing it for sins
- killed almost half of europe in 100 years
- 3 of his freinds were killed by plague
- martin caught in thunderstorm after - barganed with god (became a monk)
- father inraged that he din't become lawyer
- 7 times a day monkes were part of litergical services
- food was simple - got read of all worldly luxeries
- joined strickt monastic orders
- monistery made good income from selling clothing beer, and had tithes
- profitering of church would outrage him
- now consentrated on saving soul
- encoraged imatating suffering of christ
- did everything 100% would have died of poor health if sayed a monk
- had feeling of hoplesnes about not going to heaven
- sent of mission to rome (pilgramage to capital of the church)
- took 2 months to get there
- city was revilation
- would descover earthly institution (had lots of money)
- rome spirital place with unsperitual people
- very disapointed / descovered church profited by pilgrims (saw marters and gave them time off of purgitory)
- come to daught church
- spent long time in confession and did penence
- not getting answers
- 1511 sent to smaller monistery
- Vin stalbits saw martins gifts and gave him positions in university
Thursday, May 13, 2010
Is monarchy more or less effective than democracy?
In the past most countries were monarchies. One man or woman had complete control over there country and whatever they wanted was made into law. In the present day the United states in a democracy. There is a system of checks and balances that make sure no one person can gain too much power. A democracy is usually more successful than a monarchy.
In England Henry VIII was the monarch from 1497 through 1547. He maintained power by Separating from the pope even though he still kept the main Catholic believes in England. He separate
d from the church and created his own religion. His church was known as the Church of England. It was similar to the Roman Catholic Church except it was not ruled by the pope. Henry was head of this church which gave him even more power. In his new church he was allowed to divorce his current wife Catharine of Argon. She only gave him a daughter named Mary. He did this so that he could marry a woman that would produce him a male heir to the throne. Parliament also helps keep Henry in control. They passed the laws and made sure all church decisions passed through the king. All contact with the Roman Catholic Church was forbidden. The king was the head of his church and anyone who didn't follow him and recognize that he was the church leader was executed. After he divorced his wife he married Anne Boleyn who also gave him a daughter. Her name was Elizabeth I. Henry would go one to have a total of six wives. His wife Jane Seymour would give him his first son. His name was Edward. During Henry’s rein he also tried to put down the protestant movement in England. He had thousands executed so no one could threaten his power. Henry’s rein was devastating to the English economy. After he split from the church the economy was built up when he sold the church land in England. This would have been a good thing except he spent the money and even more on his navy and palaces, none of which helped the country. Henry also used the money he borrowed from Parliament to fund wars which sent him further into dept (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VIII_of_England#Power_and_authority). The rein of this monarch was destructive to his country.
Soon after Eli
zabeth was born her father Henry VIII divorced her mother Anne Boleyn. Anne was then executed because she couldn't produce the heir that Henry wanted. After the death of Henry, Elizabeth's half brother Edward became king. He was very young so a council had to make his decisions. Edward was very ill and soon died. After his death Elizabeth's half sister Mary took the throne. Her reign didn't last very long either. Mary didn't have any children to secede her. She soon died and finally Elizabeth took the throne in 1558 at the age of 25. Elizabeth was a better liked ruler. Her rein was known as the golden age because she united the power of parliament, the church, and herself (http://www.royal.gov.uk/HistoryoftheMonarchy/KingsandQueensofEngland/TheTudors/ElizabethI.aspx). Elizabeth later in her rein writes a speech in which she shows how opposed she is to marriage. She writes "Concerning Marriage, which ye so earnestly move me to, I have been long since perswaded, that I was sent into this world by God to think and doe those things chiefly which may tend to his Glory. Hereupon have I chosen that kind of life which is most free from the troublesome Cares of this world, that I might attend the Service of God alone" (http://englishhistory.net/tudor/eliz1-writings.html). Elizabeth’s rein was not perfect but was better than her father’s.
In the United States freedom is the main driving force. The early colonies defeated the British Empire to gain freedom and wrote documents to help govern the new country correctly like the constitution and the declaration of independence. There is an elected president who can be removed if he threatens the government. Any laws have to be approved by both the president and the federal government. The constituion says, “We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America” (http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/constitution.html). This shows how powerful freedom is as a driving force. This series of checks and balances help to run the country efficiently and correctly with great success. This government helped the United States to become the main superpower in the world (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States#Government_and_elections).
The United States’ success as a country proves that a democracy in better than a monarchy. In a monarchy the ruler could be bad and the people wouldn’t have a say in what he wants to do. In a democracy the people help to govern them and can elect the people who make laws for them. How well country is governed depends mostly on the type of government and the people part that government.
Sources:
"Constitution of the United States - Official." National Archives and Records Administration. Web. 13 May 2010. http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/constitution.html.
"Elizabeth I: Poetry." EnglishHistory.net. Web. 13 May 2010. http://englishhistory.net/tudor/eliz1-writings.html.
"United States." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 13 May 2010. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States#Government_and_elections.
In England Henry VIII was the monarch from 1497 through 1547. He maintained power by Separating from the pope even though he still kept the main Catholic believes in England. He separate
d from the church and created his own religion. His church was known as the Church of England. It was similar to the Roman Catholic Church except it was not ruled by the pope. Henry was head of this church which gave him even more power. In his new church he was allowed to divorce his current wife Catharine of Argon. She only gave him a daughter named Mary. He did this so that he could marry a woman that would produce him a male heir to the throne. Parliament also helps keep Henry in control. They passed the laws and made sure all church decisions passed through the king. All contact with the Roman Catholic Church was forbidden. The king was the head of his church and anyone who didn't follow him and recognize that he was the church leader was executed. After he divorced his wife he married Anne Boleyn who also gave him a daughter. Her name was Elizabeth I. Henry would go one to have a total of six wives. His wife Jane Seymour would give him his first son. His name was Edward. During Henry’s rein he also tried to put down the protestant movement in England. He had thousands executed so no one could threaten his power. Henry’s rein was devastating to the English economy. After he split from the church the economy was built up when he sold the church land in England. This would have been a good thing except he spent the money and even more on his navy and palaces, none of which helped the country. Henry also used the money he borrowed from Parliament to fund wars which sent him further into dept (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VIII_of_England#Power_and_authority). The rein of this monarch was destructive to his country.Soon after Eli
zabeth was born her father Henry VIII divorced her mother Anne Boleyn. Anne was then executed because she couldn't produce the heir that Henry wanted. After the death of Henry, Elizabeth's half brother Edward became king. He was very young so a council had to make his decisions. Edward was very ill and soon died. After his death Elizabeth's half sister Mary took the throne. Her reign didn't last very long either. Mary didn't have any children to secede her. She soon died and finally Elizabeth took the throne in 1558 at the age of 25. Elizabeth was a better liked ruler. Her rein was known as the golden age because she united the power of parliament, the church, and herself (http://www.royal.gov.uk/HistoryoftheMonarchy/KingsandQueensofEngland/TheTudors/ElizabethI.aspx). Elizabeth later in her rein writes a speech in which she shows how opposed she is to marriage. She writes "Concerning Marriage, which ye so earnestly move me to, I have been long since perswaded, that I was sent into this world by God to think and doe those things chiefly which may tend to his Glory. Hereupon have I chosen that kind of life which is most free from the troublesome Cares of this world, that I might attend the Service of God alone" (http://englishhistory.net/tudor/eliz1-writings.html). Elizabeth’s rein was not perfect but was better than her father’s.In the United States freedom is the main driving force. The early colonies defeated the British Empire to gain freedom and wrote documents to help govern the new country correctly like the constitution and the declaration of independence. There is an elected president who can be removed if he threatens the government. Any laws have to be approved by both the president and the federal government. The constituion says, “We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America” (http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/constitution.html). This shows how powerful freedom is as a driving force. This series of checks and balances help to run the country efficiently and correctly with great success. This government helped the United States to become the main superpower in the world (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States#Government_and_elections).
The United States’ success as a country proves that a democracy in better than a monarchy. In a monarchy the ruler could be bad and the people wouldn’t have a say in what he wants to do. In a democracy the people help to govern them and can elect the people who make laws for them. How well country is governed depends mostly on the type of government and the people part that government.
Sources:
"Constitution of the United States - Official." National Archives and Records Administration. Web. 13 May 2010. http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/constitution.html.
"Elizabeth I: Poetry." EnglishHistory.net. Web. 13 May 2010. http://englishhistory.net/tudor/eliz1-writings.html.
"Henry VIII of England." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 13 May 2010. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VIII_of_England#Power_and_authority.
“History of the Monarchy.” Web. 13 May 2010. http://www.royal.gov.uk/HistoryoftheMonarchy/KingsandQueensofEngland/TheTudors/ElizabethI.aspx.
"United States." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 13 May 2010. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States#Government_and_elections.
Picture Sources:
"File:Elizabeth I of England - Coronation Portrait.jpg." Wikimedia Commons. Web. 13 May 2010. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Elizabeth_I_of_England_-_coronation_portrait.jpg.
"File:Henry8England.jpg." Wikimedia Commons. Web. 13 May 2010.
Wednesday, May 12, 2010
Do you think Leonardo deserved the title "Genius"?
Leonardo was a great man and a true genius. He was the pinnacle of what a Renaissance man should be. In the 1500's Giorgio Vasari wrote a history of Leonardo. He said, "This was seen by all mankind in Leonardo da Vinci, in whom, besides a beauty of body never sufficiently extolled, there was an infinite grace in all his actions; and so great was his genius, and such its growth, that to whatever difficulties he turned his mind, he solved them with ease" (Medieval Sourcebook: Giorgio Vasari: Life of Leonardo da Vinci 1550). Leonardo was not only a great artist but he was also and inverter. He had a fern grasp on geometry and used it to design buildings. He came up with inventions like a screw that constantly brought up water. One of his most famous painting is the Last Supper (http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/vasari1.html).Leonardo never stopped expanding his knowledge and trying to learn more about nature. He also kept detailed notebooks which were coded to prevent anyone stealing his ideas. The notes were written in a mirror image and very difficult to read (http://www.mos.org/sln/Leonardo/LeonardoRighttoLeft.html). All these things make Leonardo a true genius.
Sources:
"Medieval Sourcebook: Giorgio Vasari: Life of Leonardo Da Vinci 1550." FORDHAM.EDU. Web. 12 May 2010. http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/vasari1.html.
"Leonardo: Right to Left." Museum of Science, Boston Home. Web. 12 May 2010. http://www.mos.org/sln/Leonardo/LeonardoRighttoLeft.html.
Picture Source:
"File:Selbstportrait Leonardo Da Vincis.jpg." Wikimedia Commons. Web. 12 May 2010. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Selbstportrait_Leonardo_da_Vincis.jpg.
Notes 5/12/10 west civ proj
Medici
- Leonardo da Vinci - Renaissance man
- moved to Florence at 12 years old
- Italy was not unified - collection of city states
- was an apprentice of Virachilo
- this is were he gained prsctical knolegde
- wrote note books about science and other subjects
- did studies of perspective - more realistic look of a painting
- wrote everything in meror image
Tuesday, May 11, 2010
Summarize how Elizabeth rises to the throne
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Soon after Elizabeth was born her father Henry VIII divorced her mother Anne Boleyn. Anne was then executed because she couldn't produce the heir that Henry wanted. After the death of Henry, Elizabeth's half brother Edward became king. He was very young so a council had to make his decisions. Edward was very ill and soon died. After his death Elizabeth's half sister Mary took the throne. Her reign didn't last very long either. Mary didn't have any children to secede her. She soon died and finally Elizabeth took the throne in 1558 at the age of 25 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_I).Elizabeth later in her rein writes a speack in which she shows how opposed she is to marrage. She writes "Concerning Marriage, which ye so earnestly move me to, I have been long since perswaded, that I was sent into this world by God to think and doe those things chiefly which may tend to his Glory. Hereupon have I chosen that kind of life which is most free from the troublesome Cares of this world, that I might attend the Service of God alone" (http://englishhistory.net/tudor/eliz1-writings.html). She believes that God has brought her to this position for a purpose and she is going to do everything she can to serve that purpose.
Source:
“Elizabeth I of England." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 11 May 2010. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_I.
"Elizabeth I: Poetry." EnglishHistory.net. Web. 12 May 2010. http://englishhistory.net/tudor/eliz1-writings.html.
Picture Source:
"File:Elizabeth I. Procession Portrait (detail).jpg." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 11 May 2010. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Elizabeth_I._Procession_portrait_(detail).jpg.
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Is Shakespeare worth studying? Why?
Shakespeareis important and worth studying. He writes in a different form of English so reading it helps us to understand a strange from of writing. also we get incite into his period of time and the kinds of things he was concerned with. His writings help us to think about different topics that we usually wouldn't consider. His writing is a form of art. It is a great from of poetry that if you understand can be very enjoyable. also his writings can be full of humor and interesting situations. His writings can help us to use our imagination and learn the themes that were talked about in England during his time (http://mphp.usfca.edu/aslshakespeare/shakespeare/shakespeare_why.php?bandwidth=low). In the Chronicles of England, shakespear's writings were taught to the students. It says,"Then show students the Holinshed passage that Shakespeare used as his source for this moment. Have students keep track of all the different labels assigned to the weird sisters, and, if resources allow, have them research in the Oxford English Dictionary the histories of each of these labels" (http://www.folger.edu/eduPrimSrcDtl.cfm?psid=139).Shakespear's enfluence on writing is still felt to this day.
Source:
"ASL Shakespeare Project." USF Redirect. Web. 11 May 2010. http://mphp.usfca.edu/aslshakespeare/shakespeare/shakespeare_why.php?bandwidth=low.
"Chronicles of England, Scotland, and Ireland, (Holinshed's Chronicles)." -Folger Shakespeare Library. Web. 13 May 2010. http://www.folger.edu/eduPrimSrcDtl.cfm?psid=139.
Picture Source:
"File:Shakespeare Flower.jpg." Wikimedia Commons. Web. 11 May 2010. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Shakespeare_Flower.jpg.
How does Henry VIII maintain power while breaking away from the Catholic Church and destroying monasteries and churches?
Henry VIII maintained power by creating the main Catholic believes in England. He separated from the church and created his own religion. His church was known as the Church of England. It was similar to the Roman Catholic church except it was not ruled by the pope. Henry was head of this church which gave him even more power. In his new church he was allowed to divorce his current wife Cathrine of Argon so that he could marry a woman that would produce him an heir. Parliament also help keep Henry in control. They passed the ;laws and made sure all church decisions passed through the king. All contact with the Roman Catholic Church was forbidden. The king was the head of his church and anyone who didn't fallow him and recognize that he was the church leader was executed (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VIII_of_England#Separation_from_Rome:_1533.E2.80.931540.).Henry had a large amount of power over everyone in England when he had his wife Anne Boleyn executed she made a speech. She said, "'Good Christian people, I am come hither to die, for according to the law, and by the law I am judged to die, and therefore I will speak nothing against it. I am come hither to accuse no man, nor to speak anything of that, whereof I am accused and condemned to die, but I pray God save the king and send him long to reign over you, for a gentler nor a more merciful prince was there never" (http://englishhistory.net/tudor/prianne3.html). Henry could do whatever he wanted in England and the people could not stop him.
Source:
"Henry VIII of England." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 11 May 2010. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VIII_of_England#Separation_from_Rome:_1533.E2.80.931540.
"Primary Sources: Anne Boleyn's Speech at Her Execution, 1536." EnglishHistory.net. Web. 12 May 2010. http://englishhistory.net/tudor/prianne3.html.
Picture source:
"File:Henry-VIII-kingofengland 1491-1547.jpg." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 11
May 2010. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Henry-VIII-kingofengland_1491-1547.jpg.
Monday, May 10, 2010
Notes 5/10/10 west civ proj
Movie continued
- Lorenzo survived assasination
- he becomes most powerful man in florence /takes control of government
- Leonardo Da Vinci was a very skilled artist/refelcted detail of natural world
- Biticelli to style to new extreams ( birth of vinice/celibration of human desire)
- he was best known for pegan mythologies
- savonarola - dominican monk aposed lorenzo
- took a dim view of anything not religious art
- july 29 1487 clrichan - loenzo's wife died of TB at 34
- found solace in art 1488 established 1st clasical art school
- Michael angelo at 13 found in art school by lorenzo/given room at medici palace
- grew up with lorenzo's 7 children
- Michael angelo aplied himself to religious subjects but drawn to classical ledgends
- political and funancial breaking point
- Florence reached new heights of culture but not tight grip on medici bank
- Families network falling apart
- more people asking for favors then being given
- lorenzo fell ill
- at 16 jovano de medici was a cardnel (cost lorenzo fortune
- lorenzo was dying and called savonarola to death bed
- he damed lorenzo
- at 43 lorenzo died and feared eternal damnation
- savonarola took chance to change city
- artists then embraced christianity
- prositiuted beaten and homosexuals burned
- no makeup alowed to be worn
- Savonarola enforced this with ganges of people on the street
- massive burning of things part of lorenzo's renesance
- boticelli hurled his own paintings inot flames
- called bond fire of the vanities
England notes
- King henry askes pope for a devorce because his wife can't produce an heir
- he splits from the church
- Elizebeth I 1559 took thrown
- perfected art of deplomacy
- she was daugter of hink henry VIII and ann bloine (2nd wife)
- elizebeth sent to hathfield at seperat residence for her to grow up
- mary was older child of prevos wife/disagreaments between parents
- only lawfull ares are now daugters of Anne
- Plaut hatched to despose of her
- Elizebeth considered basterd like her sister
- elezebeth very secretive, proud, intelegent
- Jane gave henry his son but died when he was born
- elizebeth given all the education that brother edward got
- Elizebeth adored her father
- henry aging rabidly, overweight and had blood claught in leg
- Henry died 1547 and edward ruled with council at 10
- elizebeth stayed with cathren par
- Semore wanted to mary elizebeth but rejected
- he wanted to use elizibeth for power
- Semore would romp in bed with elizebeth
- emotianaly damaged
- cathoren par died from child birth and semore then went after elizebeth
- Semore exicuted
- Semore scandal ended and she could visit Edward (not catholic)
- elizebeth dresses in fancy clothingEdward died and struggle for throne
- Mary took throne
- elizebeth runing own houshold / loved to be out in open air
- Mary tried to make england catholic and tried to marry philip of spain
- rebels tred to get elizedeth to thrown 1554
- put in tower of london for a few months
- mary met with elizebeth
- philip returned to spain
- in 1557 campain against french desaster
- mary alowed elizedeth to be queen with death
- elezebeth new monarch at 25 in 1558
- she had quick temper
Friday, May 7, 2010
Recipes for class
A buttered Loafe.
"Take very fine flowre and yolks of Egs, sweet butter, yest, cloves, mace, sugar, sinamon, ginger, and woork it togither and make them in little loves, and when they are baked inough, set a good deale of sweet butter upon a chafingdish and coles, then cut your loaf in three peeces and butter it, then strew sugar betwixt (between) every peece and serve it out. "
Tartes of Cherries.
"Pluck off your stalks and lay your Cherries into your paste and season them with sugar, sinamon and ginger, and lay a cover upon them. "
http://jducoeur.org/Cookbook/Cookrye.html
"Take very fine flowre and yolks of Egs, sweet butter, yest, cloves, mace, sugar, sinamon, ginger, and woork it togither and make them in little loves, and when they are baked inough, set a good deale of sweet butter upon a chafingdish and coles, then cut your loaf in three peeces and butter it, then strew sugar betwixt (between) every peece and serve it out. "
Tartes of Cherries.
"Pluck off your stalks and lay your Cherries into your paste and season them with sugar, sinamon and ginger, and lay a cover upon them. "
http://jducoeur.org/Cookbook/Cookrye.html
Thursday, May 6, 2010
Is exploration a 'good' thing?
The Renaissance was a period of great exploration that continues to affect the world we live in. Art was flourishing as humans looked inward and developed more knowledge and wisdom than they possessed before. Also during this new enlightenment Europeans explored the boundaries of the map. Christopher Columbus made his famous voyage to the new world. New trade routes were established. Ideas as well as knowledge flowed across the globe. Exploration into human knowledge and the globe was good for Europe.
In Italy the Medici family was one of the most powerful in all of Florence. They were the strongest during the fourteen and fifteen hundreds. They played a major part in the creation of the Renaissance
in Europe. In Florence Lorenzo controlled the area after the death of his father. “He had the greatest love and admiration for all who excelled in any art and was a great patron of learning and of literary men” (http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/machiavelli-histflo-lorenzo.html). Lorenzo was extremely powerful and influential in Florence. He controlled the Medici family bank which was the largest banking system in Europe. “Lorenzo took the greatest delight in architecture, music and poetry; and many of his own poetic compositions, enriched with commentaries, appeared in print. And for the purpose of enabling the Florentine youths to devote themselves to the study of letters, he established a university in the city of Pisa, where he employed the most eminent men of all Italy as professors” (http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/machiavelli-histflo-lorenzo.html).
Lorenzo also established the first school for artists. He was always on the lookout your young talent. The family was so powerful that the Pope used the Medici Banks for the Church’s use. The explorations into many fields of knowledge were invaluable during this new enlightenment (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Medici#Legacy). The family would sponsor some of the greatest artist of all time with their vast wealth.
The family encouraged art and architecture in Europe. The Renaissance art was much different than any art created before. Although a lot of art was religious some was more imaginative. The new ideas introduced during this time included perspective and realism. Also the Medici family was patrons for scientist like Galileo who would change the way the world thinks. Galileo like the Medici family so much that he even named some of the moons of Jupiter after the Medici children. The art that was created looked into the human person to create a more lifelike representation of anatomy (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Medici#Legacy). This exploration would influence artists far into the future.
Along with inward exploration of science and creativity, Europeans began to explore the blank edges of the ma
p. Christopher Columbus was an Italian Navigator born in 1451. He would show the rest of Europe that there was land to the West across the wide ocean. He made a total of 4 trips over to the New world. He was funded by Queen Isabella I of Castile. With her wealth he began Colonization of Spanish. Columbus's ship log records when land was first spotted. It says, "As the Pinta was the swiftest sailer and kept ahead of the Admiral, she discovered land and made the signals ordered by the Admiral. The land was first seen by a sailor called Rodrigo de Triana, although the Admiral at ten o'clock that evening, being on the castle of the poop, saw a light, but so small a body that he could not affirm it to be land" (http://www.eduplace.com/kids/socsci/ca/books/bke1/sources/bke1_template.jsp?name=columbusc&bk=bke1&state=ca). Later many more Europeans would follow in his footprints and make their own colonies. He first reach the America’s in 1492. This was greatly needed for Europeans who needed more trade routes. Columbus allowed the Spanish to take control of the first spice trade routes. These trade routes generated a large amount of money for Europe. Columbus wasn’t the first one in America because Native Americans were already present .The colonies helped Europe harvest raw materials to send back (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Columbus#Legacy). Columbus was famous for opening up America for Europe and contributing to Europe’s knowledge about the size of the world.
In Europe exploration was extremely helpful. It opened new trade routes and establishes European colonies around the world. Christopher Columbus colonized the New World for Spain and increased Europe’s supply of natural resources. Exploration into the human person was also valuable and created a renaissance in Europe. This enlightenment changed how all of Europe thought and influenced disciplines like art, science, and math. Europe would not have grown to the supper power that it became without exploration.
Sources:
"Christopher Columbus." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 06 May 2010. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Columbus.
"Christopher Columbus's Log—Ship's Log." Education Place®. Web. 06 May 2010. http://www.eduplace.com/kids/socsci/ca/books/bke1/sources/bke1_template.jsp?name=columbusc&bk=bke1&state=ca.
"House of Medici." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 06 May 2010. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Medici#Legacy.
"Medieval Sourcebook: Niccolò Machiavelli: History of Florence: Lorence De' Medici." FORDHAM.EDU. Web. 06 May 2010. http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/machiavelli-histflo-lorenzo.html.
"Renaissance." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 05 May 2010. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaissance.
Picture Sources:
"File:1893 Nina Pinta Santa Maria Replicas.jpg." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 06 May 2010. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:1893_Nina_Pinta_Santa_Maria_replicas.jpg.
"File:Gozzoli Magi.jpg." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 06 May 2010. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gozzoli_magi.jpg.
In Italy the Medici family was one of the most powerful in all of Florence. They were the strongest during the fourteen and fifteen hundreds. They played a major part in the creation of the Renaissance
in Europe. In Florence Lorenzo controlled the area after the death of his father. “He had the greatest love and admiration for all who excelled in any art and was a great patron of learning and of literary men” (http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/machiavelli-histflo-lorenzo.html). Lorenzo was extremely powerful and influential in Florence. He controlled the Medici family bank which was the largest banking system in Europe. “Lorenzo took the greatest delight in architecture, music and poetry; and many of his own poetic compositions, enriched with commentaries, appeared in print. And for the purpose of enabling the Florentine youths to devote themselves to the study of letters, he established a university in the city of Pisa, where he employed the most eminent men of all Italy as professors” (http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/machiavelli-histflo-lorenzo.html).Lorenzo also established the first school for artists. He was always on the lookout your young talent. The family was so powerful that the Pope used the Medici Banks for the Church’s use. The explorations into many fields of knowledge were invaluable during this new enlightenment (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Medici#Legacy). The family would sponsor some of the greatest artist of all time with their vast wealth.
The family encouraged art and architecture in Europe. The Renaissance art was much different than any art created before. Although a lot of art was religious some was more imaginative. The new ideas introduced during this time included perspective and realism. Also the Medici family was patrons for scientist like Galileo who would change the way the world thinks. Galileo like the Medici family so much that he even named some of the moons of Jupiter after the Medici children. The art that was created looked into the human person to create a more lifelike representation of anatomy (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Medici#Legacy). This exploration would influence artists far into the future.
Along with inward exploration of science and creativity, Europeans began to explore the blank edges of the ma
p. Christopher Columbus was an Italian Navigator born in 1451. He would show the rest of Europe that there was land to the West across the wide ocean. He made a total of 4 trips over to the New world. He was funded by Queen Isabella I of Castile. With her wealth he began Colonization of Spanish. Columbus's ship log records when land was first spotted. It says, "As the Pinta was the swiftest sailer and kept ahead of the Admiral, she discovered land and made the signals ordered by the Admiral. The land was first seen by a sailor called Rodrigo de Triana, although the Admiral at ten o'clock that evening, being on the castle of the poop, saw a light, but so small a body that he could not affirm it to be land" (http://www.eduplace.com/kids/socsci/ca/books/bke1/sources/bke1_template.jsp?name=columbusc&bk=bke1&state=ca). Later many more Europeans would follow in his footprints and make their own colonies. He first reach the America’s in 1492. This was greatly needed for Europeans who needed more trade routes. Columbus allowed the Spanish to take control of the first spice trade routes. These trade routes generated a large amount of money for Europe. Columbus wasn’t the first one in America because Native Americans were already present .The colonies helped Europe harvest raw materials to send back (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Columbus#Legacy). Columbus was famous for opening up America for Europe and contributing to Europe’s knowledge about the size of the world.In Europe exploration was extremely helpful. It opened new trade routes and establishes European colonies around the world. Christopher Columbus colonized the New World for Spain and increased Europe’s supply of natural resources. Exploration into the human person was also valuable and created a renaissance in Europe. This enlightenment changed how all of Europe thought and influenced disciplines like art, science, and math. Europe would not have grown to the supper power that it became without exploration.
Sources:
"Christopher Columbus." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 06 May 2010. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Columbus.
"Christopher Columbus's Log—Ship's Log." Education Place®. Web. 06 May 2010. http://www.eduplace.com/kids/socsci/ca/books/bke1/sources/bke1_template.jsp?name=columbusc&bk=bke1&state=ca.
"House of Medici." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 06 May 2010. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Medici#Legacy.
"Medieval Sourcebook: Niccolò Machiavelli: History of Florence: Lorence De' Medici." FORDHAM.EDU. Web. 06 May 2010. http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/machiavelli-histflo-lorenzo.html.
"Renaissance." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 05 May 2010. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaissance.
Picture Sources:
"File:1893 Nina Pinta Santa Maria Replicas.jpg." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 06 May 2010. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:1893_Nina_Pinta_Santa_Maria_replicas.jpg.
"File:Gozzoli Magi.jpg." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 06 May 2010. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gozzoli_magi.jpg
Notes 4/6/10 West civ proj
Movie about Medici continued
- major probelm for Brunaleski - vertacle and horazonlat brick work to keep dome from falling
- Brunaleski laid some of the bricks and inspected them
- in 1436 - dome was completed (great achienvment)
- greatest achetectual feat in western world
- used more than 4 million bricks
- council of florence - celebration of dome and art
- brought together more artist and thinkers than ever befor
- Cosimo invited people from all over the continent (godfather for people of florence)
- Cosimo causious eventhough he brought the city back
- he baptized and buried ason and grand some
- declaired father of the father land after his death
Part II
- by mid 15th century the Medici had begun the renaisance
- Lorizo de megnifico
- rival families wanted to take contol of the city
- Juliano and Lorenzo heirs to Medici dinesti
- Assisins wanted to kill the boss
- Medici generated hatred in citizen class
- needed alies outside of Florence
- maried dauter of a Roman baran to strenghan family
- Florience was cultural factory were artists competed for work
- Medici descovered new artist Sandri Botticelli
- Botticelli painted nativity with medici and himself in it
- Lorenzo's father died and he was given control
- he doen't want to be the leader (most powerful man in florence)
- Lorenzo knows that the mases can change things, he offered help to those in Florence
- network of metual favors spead across tuskani
- Medici had fresco in palace with the family and friend as part of biblical maji prossesion
- Lorenzo brought up a scholar
- World dominated by secular freedom
- Botticelli under protection of Medici
- createed new type of art (the spring) pure fanticy inspired by poetry and fueled by imagination
- expression of new golden age
- Pazzi new banking family /2nd richest family that is older and more noble
- Pazzi marjinalized and try to totaly aliminate medici rivals
- Church in deapt to Medici so they suported patzi
- Lorenzo and his brother needed to be elininiated
- people of florence gather for holy celibration
- both men in cathedral so they were going to be killed
- Juliano stabed 19 times but lorenzo couldent be found
- medici supporters in sourch rage that plan was foiled
- supporters of medici exacted revnge
- Pope ordered elimination of medici
- 1479 arrives in naples and deal struck
- enemie troops called off and florence saved from distruction
- Lorenzo hailed the magnificent by people
- worked to protect medici and be adopted son of his brother
- all ledgislation under his controle
- commisoned work from a studio owed by Verrocio
- Lorenzo found Leonardio Da Vinci and his talent couldn't be ignored
- Vinci used new oils and reflected detail of natural world
- Botticelli took his new style to extreams (birth of Venus)
- best known for pegan mythologies
- A monk (Salmonarora) looked down on all un religious art focused of lorenzo as creater of all Italy's sin
- 1487 lorenzo's wife died from TB
- 1488 established art shcool with his sculptures to study
- Michaleangilo was descovered and Lorenzo helped him /given room in his palace
people discused in movie
- medici ruled in florence throughout the Renesance
- Florence lead by wealthy families in city
- smaller city in rome
- powerfull in lae 14th century (had a powerfull bank backed by the pope/pope going to make medici pank the papal bank)
- Pope most powerfull person
- Giovanni ws the one who started the bank
- his son Cosimo had the dome of the florence cathedral built (largest covered domed area in all of the world)
- Cosimo son was
Wednesday, May 5, 2010
How is the art of the Northern Renaissance different from the art of the the Italian and Spanish Renaissance
The art of the Norther and southern Renaissance were slightly different. Each region has different religious and political factors that also play a part in the change. The Northern Renaissance includes England, Netherlands, Germany, Scandinavia, and France. The Renaissance in Germany has hampered by the Protestant reform. This reform also influenced the types of art created. The Gothic art and architecture remained the main influence until later in the Renaissance. In France after the Church failed to protect the country from the Black Death, they turned to secularism. This had a major influence on there art as well as the large amount of Italian artists paid to come to France. England's main influence during the Renaissance was on writing. They produced many great writers like Shakespeare. The southern Renaissance began earlier. Unlike those in the North, the Italian Renaissance painters were the first one to stop pointing only religious scenes. New techniques created hear also allowed paints to last longer and have brighter colors. The Renaissance in both areas had artist painting more realistic representations that are far better than any paintings before.Source:
"Renaissance." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 05 May 2010. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaissance.
Picture Source:
"File:Mona Lisa.jpg." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 05 May 2010. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mona_Lisa.jpg.
Stephen Hawking's article about Contacting life
In this article writt
en be Stephen Hawking He considers the possibility of alien life. He asks if we should really be trying to contact life from another world. This threat could have negative consequences for humans as a species. He says,"aliens might simply raid Earth for resources, then move on" (Stephen Hawking). Aliens might not want to be friends with us and share there advanced technologies. They might be a violent civilization roaming around and taking advantage of other civilizations. It is not a good idea to contact these aliens. There presence might even give us alien gems or diseases that we aren't immune to. The possible negative consequences could out way the cost of finding advanced life forms.
Source:
"Don't Tell The Aliens We're Here, Stephen Hawking Says; They Might Not Be Friendly. Web. 05 May 2010. http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2010/04/aliens_stephen_hawking.html.
Picure source:
"File:Starsinthesky.jpg." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 05 May 2010. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Starsinthesky.jpg.
en be Stephen Hawking He considers the possibility of alien life. He asks if we should really be trying to contact life from another world. This threat could have negative consequences for humans as a species. He says,"aliens might simply raid Earth for resources, then move on" (Stephen Hawking). Aliens might not want to be friends with us and share there advanced technologies. They might be a violent civilization roaming around and taking advantage of other civilizations. It is not a good idea to contact these aliens. There presence might even give us alien gems or diseases that we aren't immune to. The possible negative consequences could out way the cost of finding advanced life forms.Source:
"Don't Tell The Aliens We're Here, Stephen Hawking Says; They Might Not Be Friendly. Web. 05 May 2010. http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2010/04/aliens_stephen_hawking.html.
Picure source:
"File:Starsinthesky.jpg." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 05 May 2010. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Starsinthesky.jpg.
Notes 5/5/10 west civ proj Important
Movie
medici http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Medici
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brunoleski
medici http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Medici
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brunoleski
- Cosimo de medici (humble beginings/power came at a price)
- medici will pay for the greatest artists and thinkers
- michalanego, Bunaleski, Leonardo, Galolao
- medici God father's of renesance
- hidden in church - knoledge
- cosimo searched for lost secrets from ancient world
- exitement from the about the past
- knolegde taken back to florence
- florence - repulic and major trading city (place to be)
- Medici bank - small scale operation manajed by Juvani De Medici (rose up from poverty)
- had ambitions to enter the vatican and become pope
- Medici suported Casa through priest hood (Casa was a pirate)
- he was elected pope John III
- new pope needed bank he could trust (God's bankers)
- Medici joined groupe of powerful florinines
- old church meant to have largest dome (needes to be completed)
- medici will complet it (searched for achivments from the past
- brunaleski is the man they turned to (he was genious)
- he was unorthedox and had little friends
- ist time true colums were used for support since anchient times (sparked achetectual revolution)
- only the begining for the medici
- church authorities desperate (wanted Brunaleski's ideas but he din't tell them)
- Brunaleski won the camision
- Panthion lardest free standing dome
- Bunaleski studied this building and got clues from it
- Panthion gave up secrets (used ideas to creat dome reinforced like a barell
- health of Cosimo's father failing (1429 Juvano De Medici died)
- custon said is body taked through wall of home and then hole filled in
- rival family fighting would threaten to drag florence back to middle ages
- had reverse gear so oxen could pull up pillars of pome
- Cosimo transported a lot of munny out of city
- Cosimo at merci of enomies, Albitzi
- vote taken and cosimo found guilty (faced exicution)
- cosimo life spared (paid jailers)
- medici bank stoped and city slowed
- without money people of Florence turned on Albitzi
- people atacked govenment building Agents of pope came and cosimo's excile was over
- Cosimo given contole over city and Albitzi punished
- he now contoles laws, peace, war (almost a king)
- dome was built up more and bank grew (branches everywere)
- medici bank most profitable bank in europe
- he comisioned best crastsment of age
- wealth transformed inot presige and power (600,000 golden florence for patronage)
- artist need patron (only made art when comisioned)
- tolerated dificult artists so they were happy and made better work
- Brunaleski say world like no one esle (developed linear perspective
Tuesday, May 4, 2010
What type of exploration has a greater long-term impact on a society: external exploration of the world or internal exploration of human understanding
The exploration of the world is just as valuable as understanding and exploring humans themselves. The exploration of the world during the Renaissance lead to trade with countries outside of Europe. Many new trade routes were created. New spices, foods, and valuable goods like gems were traded. Also Europe's knowledge of the world increased (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaissance#Humanism). Also during this time the people of the Renaissance were looking into science, math, and other disciplines. They helped to expand the knowledge of the human person and enlightened Europe. This would also lead to the invention of many helpful technologies. Both of those forms of exploration were equally as helpful in the middle ages (http://www.learner.org/interactives/renaissance/exploration.html).
Sources:
"Renaissance -- Exploration and Trade." Teacher Professional Development and Teacher Resources by Annenberg Media. Web. 04 May 2010. http://www.learner.org/interactives/renaissance/exploration.html.
"Renaissance." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 04 May 2010. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaissance#Humanism.
Picture Source:
"File:Italy 1494 V2.png." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 04 May 2010. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Italy_1494_v2.png.
Sources:
"Renaissance -- Exploration and Trade." Teacher Professional Development and Teacher Resources by Annenberg Media. Web. 04 May 2010. http://www.learner.org/interactives/renaissance/exploration.html.
"Renaissance." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 04 May 2010. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaissance#Humanism.
Picture Source:
"File:Italy 1494 V2.png." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 04 May 2010. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Italy_1494_v2.png.
How is the art of the Renaissance different from the art of the Middle Ages?
In the middle ages the artists were obsessed with Christianity. They carved, drew and painted mainly scenes for Jesus on the cross and Armageddon. They feared threat the world was coming to an end. Later in the Middle Ages stained glass windows were created and added to church. There were many religious art pieces that were created for the Church at this time (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_art).The art of the renaissance was much different. This movement began in Florence around the 14th century. It happened because of the exposer to the modern world around Europe. The disciplines like science flourished and the art changed. Even though religious pieces were still being created, the artists looked inward. They stove to create more realist depictions of the human form. This form of art and thinking spread rapidly through Europe and propelled it into an age of enlightenment (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaissance#Humanism).
Sources:
"Medieval Art." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 04 May 2010. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_art.
"Renaissance." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 04 May 2010. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaissance#Humanism.
Picture Source:
"File:Demetrius Chalcondyles.JPG." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 04 May 2010. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Demetrius_Chalcondyles.JPG.
Thursday, April 29, 2010
Question: What do you 'think'? How did people of different classes 'think' differently?
The Middle Ages was a turbulent time of change and conflict. The world has ripped apart after the Roman Empire fell. During this time, the people of Europe were broken down into classes. Each class was different from the next and they all had different rights. The classes that were higher up the social pyramid were more powerful and thought that they were superior to the lower classes.
In the middle ages the knight was one of the top people in society. A knight was trained to fight from a young age and owned land. They had a castle that was built for protection of themselves and the peasants that worked their land. They had a great variety of foods in their diet and had many other goods at there disposal that the lower classes didn't have. The knights and nobility were governed a feudal system (http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/history/middleages/knight.html). This is explained when a source from this period says, ” It is right that those who offer to us unbroken fidelity should be protected by our aid. And since such and such a faithful one of ours, by the
favor of God, coming here in our palace with his arms, has seen fit to swear trust and fidelity to us in our hand, therefore we decree and command by the present precept that for the future such and such above mentioned be counted with the number of antrustions. And if anyone perchance should presume to kill him, let him know that he will be judged guilty of his wergild of 600 shillings” (http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/feud-oath1.html). A noble man that wanted to own land had to go to his lord. He would pay homage to that lord and could control the area of land that his lord gave him. The vassal’s land was called a fief. He might have to pay taxes to his lord. If the vassal wants to he can let another man control a part of his land. This would make the vassal the other man’s Lord. This process was known as feudalism. There was no social mobility so you stayed in your class. Each person had a coin value depending on class and if they were murdered that value had to be paid to the family (http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/history/middleages/feudal.html). The Lords and knight were on top and thought of themselves as superior. This type of government was not fair to the lower classes.
The merchants were below the lords and knights. They worked in the town and made or traded goods. The towns were built on the lord’s land. All the people living there had to pay taxes to the Lord. The middle class was created after there was a smaller need for farmers caused by increases in their productivity. The free people formed towns and created a new form of living. There were markets and stores were the middle class worked and sold goods ( http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/history/middleages/town.html). The Canterbury tales tell about a carpenter that was in the merchant class. It says, “A wealthy lout who took in guests to board, And of his craft he was a carpenter. A poor scholar was lodging with him there, Who’d learned the arts, but all his phantasy, Was turned to study of astrology” (http://www.canterburytales.org/canterbury_tales.html). This shows that the merchant class could be wealthy but still couldn't move up in society. The merchants were subject to the laws of their Lord.The feudal system is not fair to the merchants. They were more privileged than the peasants but still didn't have all the rights that they should have received.
During this time the Church was extremely powerful. It was stronger than any Lord. It helped to unify Europe after the Roman Empire fell. The pope led the church and if you didn’t follow him then he could let your soul go to hell. This scared many of the people and they made sure to follow the Church. The people that were devoted to God were nuns and monks. They lived a simple life filled with prayer and obedience(http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/history/middleages/church.html#monks). The Canterbury tales tell what one monk believes. It says,” LUCIFER. With Lucifer, though he was angel fair, And not a man, with him will I begin; For though Fortune may not an angel dare, From high degree yet fell he for his sin, Down into Hell, and he lies yet therein. O Lucifer, brightest of angels all” (http://www.canterburytales.org/canterbury_tales.html). This shows how focused the monks and nuns were on getting to heaven. Nothing other than getting to heaven mattered to them.
The lowest social class was the peasant. The peasants were at the bottom of the social structure and not respected by anyone. He was owned by his lord and could be bought and sold. He had to do what his lord wanted him to do. They were not at all equal to the nobility. They had very little possessions of their own and were treated as property. They were paid for using the land and only could sell the extra crops that they grew. The peasants were usually farmers or craftsmen (http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/history/middleages/peasant.html). According to primary sources from the Middle Ages, the peasants were fined heavily for marriage. The source says, "the payment of merchet was exacted from serfs at marriage. When the serf married a woman from another estate the indemnity was called formariage, but if he neglected to pay, he suffered confiscation of his goods. Serfs under the jurisdiction of unscrupulous bailiffs suffered heavily by these fees" (http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/600Merchet.html). The peasants were treated unfairly and often revolted against the Lord. The peasants were destined for a life of farm work and service to their Lord.
The three social classes are radically different from each other. The Lords and knights were on top. In the middle class were merchants and monks. At the bottom were the peasants. These social classes are extremely unfair. There is no social mobility so the peasants, merchants, and monks can’t move up. Also each person was given a cash value and the lower class people were worth less. The upper class people looked down on the lower class people. The disparities between classes was much greater in the Middle Ages than it is today.
Sources:
Pope Gregory the Great: Payment of Merchet, C. 600. Web. 14 Apr. 2010. http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/600Merchet.html.
"Chaucer's Canterbury Tales ~ Presented by ELF." Chaucer's Canterbury Tales ~ Presented by The Electronic Literature Foundation. Web. 29 Apr. 2010. http://www.canterburytales.org/canterbury_tales.html.
"The Church." Monks. Web. 29 Apr. 2010. http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/history/middleages/church.html#monks.
"Feudalism." Knights. Web. 29 Apr. 2010. http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/history/middleages/feudal.html.
"Medieval Sourcebook: "Feudal" Oaths of Fidelity." FORDHAM.EDU. Web. 29 Apr. 2010. http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/feud-oath1.html.
"Medieval Towns." Merchants. Web. 29 Apr. 2010. http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/history/middleages/town.html.
"The Peasant's Realm." Web. 29 Apr. 2010. http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/history/middleages/peasant.html.
Picture Source:
"File:Cleric-Knight-Workman.jpg." Wikimedia Commons. Web. 29 Apr. 2010. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cleric-Knight-Workman.jpg.
In the middle ages the knight was one of the top people in society. A knight was trained to fight from a young age and owned land. They had a castle that was built for protection of themselves and the peasants that worked their land. They had a great variety of foods in their diet and had many other goods at there disposal that the lower classes didn't have. The knights and nobility were governed a feudal system (http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/history/middleages/knight.html). This is explained when a source from this period says, ” It is right that those who offer to us unbroken fidelity should be protected by our aid. And since such and such a faithful one of ours, by the
favor of God, coming here in our palace with his arms, has seen fit to swear trust and fidelity to us in our hand, therefore we decree and command by the present precept that for the future such and such above mentioned be counted with the number of antrustions. And if anyone perchance should presume to kill him, let him know that he will be judged guilty of his wergild of 600 shillings” (http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/feud-oath1.html). A noble man that wanted to own land had to go to his lord. He would pay homage to that lord and could control the area of land that his lord gave him. The vassal’s land was called a fief. He might have to pay taxes to his lord. If the vassal wants to he can let another man control a part of his land. This would make the vassal the other man’s Lord. This process was known as feudalism. There was no social mobility so you stayed in your class. Each person had a coin value depending on class and if they were murdered that value had to be paid to the family (http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/history/middleages/feudal.html). The Lords and knight were on top and thought of themselves as superior. This type of government was not fair to the lower classes.The merchants were below the lords and knights. They worked in the town and made or traded goods. The towns were built on the lord’s land. All the people living there had to pay taxes to the Lord. The middle class was created after there was a smaller need for farmers caused by increases in their productivity. The free people formed towns and created a new form of living. There were markets and stores were the middle class worked and sold goods ( http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/history/middleages/town.html). The Canterbury tales tell about a carpenter that was in the merchant class. It says, “A wealthy lout who took in guests to board, And of his craft he was a carpenter. A poor scholar was lodging with him there, Who’d learned the arts, but all his phantasy, Was turned to study of astrology” (http://www.canterburytales.org/canterbury_tales.html). This shows that the merchant class could be wealthy but still couldn't move up in society. The merchants were subject to the laws of their Lord.The feudal system is not fair to the merchants. They were more privileged than the peasants but still didn't have all the rights that they should have received.
During this time the Church was extremely powerful. It was stronger than any Lord. It helped to unify Europe after the Roman Empire fell. The pope led the church and if you didn’t follow him then he could let your soul go to hell. This scared many of the people and they made sure to follow the Church. The people that were devoted to God were nuns and monks. They lived a simple life filled with prayer and obedience(http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/history/middleages/church.html#monks). The Canterbury tales tell what one monk believes. It says,” LUCIFER. With Lucifer, though he was angel fair, And not a man, with him will I begin; For though Fortune may not an angel dare, From high degree yet fell he for his sin, Down into Hell, and he lies yet therein. O Lucifer, brightest of angels all” (http://www.canterburytales.org/canterbury_tales.html). This shows how focused the monks and nuns were on getting to heaven. Nothing other than getting to heaven mattered to them.
The lowest social class was the peasant. The peasants were at the bottom of the social structure and not respected by anyone. He was owned by his lord and could be bought and sold. He had to do what his lord wanted him to do. They were not at all equal to the nobility. They had very little possessions of their own and were treated as property. They were paid for using the land and only could sell the extra crops that they grew. The peasants were usually farmers or craftsmen (http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/history/middleages/peasant.html). According to primary sources from the Middle Ages, the peasants were fined heavily for marriage. The source says, "the payment of merchet was exacted from serfs at marriage. When the serf married a woman from another estate the indemnity was called formariage, but if he neglected to pay, he suffered confiscation of his goods. Serfs under the jurisdiction of unscrupulous bailiffs suffered heavily by these fees" (http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/600Merchet.html). The peasants were treated unfairly and often revolted against the Lord. The peasants were destined for a life of farm work and service to their Lord.
The three social classes are radically different from each other. The Lords and knights were on top. In the middle class were merchants and monks. At the bottom were the peasants. These social classes are extremely unfair. There is no social mobility so the peasants, merchants, and monks can’t move up. Also each person was given a cash value and the lower class people were worth less. The upper class people looked down on the lower class people. The disparities between classes was much greater in the Middle Ages than it is today.
Sources:
Pope Gregory the Great: Payment of Merchet, C. 600. Web. 14 Apr. 2010. http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/600Merchet.html.
"Chaucer's Canterbury Tales ~ Presented by ELF." Chaucer's Canterbury Tales ~ Presented by The Electronic Literature Foundation. Web. 29 Apr. 2010. http://www.canterburytales.org/canterbury_tales.html.
"The Church." Monks. Web. 29 Apr. 2010. http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/history/middleages/church.html#monks.
"Feudalism." Knights. Web. 29 Apr. 2010. http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/history/middleages/feudal.html.
"Medieval Sourcebook: "Feudal" Oaths of Fidelity." FORDHAM.EDU. Web. 29 Apr. 2010. http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/feud-oath1.html.
"Medieval Towns." Merchants. Web. 29 Apr. 2010. http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/history/middleages/town.html.
"The Peasant's Realm." Web. 29 Apr. 2010. http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/history/middleages/peasant.html.
Picture Source:
"File:Cleric-Knight-Workman.jpg." Wikimedia Commons. Web. 29 Apr. 2010. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cleric-Knight-Workman.jpg.
Wednesday, April 28, 2010
The fourth daily for this week was done last week
Mr. Wojo
I did 5 blog posts last week. One of those count for this week and I have already done the other 3 posts. Thanks
I did 5 blog posts last week. One of those count for this week and I have already done the other 3 posts. Thanks
Notes 4/28/10 west civ proj Important
May be on mid term
- See http://middle-ages.org.uk/middle-ages-timeline.htm for time line
- All in england
- Normans compile Doomsday book in 1087
- william Rufus (willimas son) invades Wales
- Henry I (Rufus' son) rules 1100 - 1135
- first cruisade urged by pope Urban II 1099
- 1118 - kights templar founded (monastic order protected pilgrims in holy land)
- 1147 - second cruisade
- 1154 - 1189 King henry II
- 1156 - Krenlin built
- 1158 - Hanseatic lead founded
- 1184 - Inquesition begins (briutal many tourtured and died)
- 1170 - Thomas Becketis murdered in Canterbery Cathedral
- 1189 - 1199 Richard I (lion hearted/died in cruisades)
- 1190 - third cruisade begins (salidin unites muslins/recapture jerusalim)
- 1199 - 1216 king john startes 4th cruisade (not liked) saked Constantinople
- 1212 - childrens cruisade
- 1215 - magna carta signed (forced king John to fallow law) means great charter
- kings are no longer above the law/begining of constitutional democracy
- 1216-1272 king Herny III (son of John) provisions of oxford/had to make new government
- athorities are distustede
- 1272 - 1327
- 1273 - Holy Roman Empire - Rudulph I elected
- pope in italy / holy roman empire up north/ France/ england/spain most powerful
- 1274 - Thomas Aquines Summa Theologies published
- 1295 - marco polo
- 1297 - william walace - scotish resistence in england
- 1307 nights templar rounded up and killed
- 1311-1315 great famine in europe crops died
- 1337 - King edward the III england and france hundrend years war (valois and Plantagenent)
- england and france more nationalized (become country) and can colect taxes from all the people
- Italy still city states
- england and france stronger than italy (less civil wars)
- pope can unify italy
- hundred yeras war three parts
- edwardian war 1337 - 1360
- caroline war 1369-1389
- lancastrian war 1415 - 1429
- 1346 - battle of Crecy
- 1347 - black death breaks out (20 to 40% died i n 1st year)
- 1356 - battle of Piotiers
- 1377 -1399 Richard II
- canterbaery tailes written 1380 by Chaucer
- 1381 - peasents revult england
- 1382 - bibble in english translation (old french,latin, old english mixed)
- 1399-1314 king henry IV
- 1413 - 1422 King henry V (well regarded and recorded by shakespear)
- henry V defeates french at Agincourt
- 1422 - 1461 Henry VI
- 1429 - joan of Arc
- 1434 - Medici family in florence (influenced culture,art,banking)
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